466 Worms in the Intestinal Tract. 



found in these sacculations. The walls of the latter may rupture 

 later on, and this will lead to fatal peritonitis (Megnin, Perron- 

 cito, Waldmann). 



Symptoms. Tapeworms rarely lead to any marked disease 

 which then will manifest itself in chronic digestive disturbances, 

 possibly in emaciation or anemia, occasionally in symptoms of 

 colic. Taenia can only be assumed to be the cause of such dis- 

 turbances after the proglottides have been seen in the voided 

 feces. (Hendricks observed an enzootic in foals, due to a. pli- 

 cata; three foals died.) 



Treatment. The expulsion of tapeworms can be accom- 

 plished fairly easily with laxatives, such as aloe (20-25 gm.) ; 

 tartar emetic (10-12-20 gm. pro dosi or in fractional doses 30 

 gm. per day). More reliable is the effect of oil of turpentine 

 (100.0 gm. with 500 gm. of castor oil), arsenic (in increasing 

 doses from 1 to 3 gm. per day for 1 to 2 weeks). Calomel (4-6.0 

 gm.), areca nut (daily 2-3 times tw^o tablespoonfuls, until one 

 quart has been given), cinna leaves or rhizoma tilicis maris (50- 

 100.0 gm.) 



Literature. E. Frolmer, D. t. W., 1901, 4.— Graf, W. f. Tk., 1904, 661.— 

 Hendricks, Ann., 1895, 15.— Megnin, 1879, 429.— Xeuniann, Eev. vet. 1890, 478. 



(b) Tapeworms in Cattle. 



Etiology. The following three species of tapeworms occur 

 preferably in the intestinal tract of cattle : 



1. Moniezia (Taenia) denticulata: Normal length 25-80 cm., h\it may be 170 

 cm. ; the head is somewhat wider than the tirst segments and is divided into four 

 projections with small ronnd depressions on the anterior en<l. The ova are round or 

 ciiboidal with vacuoles of variable size within the shell. 



2. Moniezia (T.) expansa: The longest of all tapeworms, not infrequently 

 10 meters long. The head is small (0.5-0.8 mm.), pear or club shaped with four oval 

 suckers with slit-like depressions. The male and female genital pores are separate 

 on the lateral margins of the segments. The ova are like those of the preceding 

 species, but somewhat smaller. 



3. Moniezia (T.) alba: Not more than 2.5 meters long; the head compara- 

 tively large (1.4 mm.) with large oval suckers, ova cuboidal. 



The enumerated worms occur in the small intestine; their 

 mode of development is unknown; M. denticulata is the species 

 most commonly found in cattle. 



Symptoms. M. denticulata only sometimes causes more 

 considerable disturliances, such as digestive disturbances, ema- 

 ciation, anemia and bloating (Haul)ol(l «S: Triilsen) ; exceptional- 

 ly, epileptiform attacks (Fumagalli, Eggiiiann). These worms 

 usuallv do not disturb the health of cattle. 



