468 



■Worms 



the Intestinal Tract. 



parative experiments), picric acid (0.1-0.2 gin.) and picrate of 

 potash (0.5-1.5 gni. in pills) ; except kamala, these drugs should 

 be combined with, or followed in 2 to 3 hours by laxatives (0.2- 

 0.5 tartar emetic, castor oil in tablespoonful doses). This course 

 is to be repeated after 1 to 2 weeks. 



Prophylaxis consists in keeping the sheep, especially the 

 lambs, away from infected pastures. 



Literature. Blumenfeld, Vet. Jhb 

 Lungwitz, A. f. Tk., 189."), XXI, lon 

 Neumann, Eev. vet., 1891, 251. 



1905, 154.— Hartniann, Mag., 1862, 123.- 

 -Marotel & Moussii, J. vet., 1906, 223.- 



(d) Tapeworms in Dogs. 

 Etiology. Five taenia are more commonly found in dogs: 



1. Taenia serrata: 0.5-2.0 meters long. Head small, supplied with a wreath 

 of hooks 34 to 38 in number. Segments about 400, in the middle of the chain s(|iiare, 

 more distally they are elongated, rectangular (8-10 mm. by 4-6 mm. wide) ; the pos- 

 terior margin projects laterally, so that the lateral margin of the chain is serrated. 

 The uterus has 8-10 branches on each side. Ova oval 36-40 ^ long; 31-36 /j, wide. 



The larval stage, Cysticercus pisiformis develops in the omentum and mesentery 

 of rabbits and hares and with these organs usually gets into the stomach of hunting 

 dogs. After two months mature proglottides are then voided. Eabbits and hares 

 infect themselves from plants contaminated with the feces of dogs. 



Lesbre found Cysticercus pisiformis in the brain of a dog infected with T. ser- 

 rata, where it must have gotten by auto-infection (Friedberger & Frohner). 



2. Taenia marginata: 1.5-2.0 meters long. The small head is provided with 

 a double wreath of hooks (30-44) and has four round suckers. The posterior wavy 

 margin of the segments overlaps partly the following segment, the mature proglot- 

 tides elongated, 14-16 mm. loug, 5-7 mm. wide; 

 uterus on both sides provided with 5-8 times 

 dividing branches. Ova somewhat oval, diame- 

 ter 31-36 fi. 



This Ttenia develops from Cysticercus tenui- 

 collis, which is found on the peritoneum, the 

 capsule of the liver, exceptionally also on the 

 pleura and the pericardium of herbivora, i)ar- 

 ticularly of sheep and hogs. Butchers' dogs are 

 particularly exposed to the infection, these ani- 

 mals void mature segments 4-5 months after in- 

 fection. 



3. Taenia coenurus: It is rarely longer 

 than 40-60 cm., head small, with four suckers 

 and a wreath of 22-23 booklets. The segments 

 of the median portion are square, the caudal 

 segments elongated; 8-16 mm. long, 3-4 mm. 

 wide. The mature segments are like cucumber 

 seeds. The uterus has 13-25 branches on both 

 sides, the ova are somewhat elongated with a 

 diameter of 31-36 fi. 



The larvae of Coenurus cerebralis develop in 

 the brain, occasionally also in the spinal canal of 

 the sheep, rarely in other herbivora. These infected parts are frequently eaten by 

 butchers' or shepherds' dogs, and these then develop several Taenia in their intestinal 

 tract, because each bladder contains numerous proscolices. Mature segments are 

 voided after 2 to 2^^ months. 



4. Dipylidium caninum (Taenia cucumerina) is 10 to 40 cm. long, 3 mm. 

 wiile at the utmost. The small head terminates in a rostellum which can be pro- 

 jected and withdrawn between the poorly developed suckers. The rostellum is pro- 

 vided with about 60 hooks, arranged in four rows. The mature segments are pale 

 red, shaped like a pum})kin seed, and show a sexual pore on each side. Several ova 

 are united to a sticky mass, a soca.lled cocon (fig. 53). 



Fi. 



Cocon of Dipylidium 

 caninum. 



