Diagnosis. Trealmciil. 479 



Sick calves and laiii))s omanate a peculiar, jDenetrating 

 smell. 



Caseiger distinguishes two different clinical pictures in calves. In 

 the mild form one notices a peculiar smell of the exhaled air someAvhat 

 like ether, chloroform or alcohol, the urine is light in color, there is 

 cough, but rarely emaciation. In the severe form, aside from these 

 same symptoms, there are disturbances of appetite, constipation or 

 diarrhea, bloating, freiiuent urination, difficulty in respiration and ner- 

 vous manifestations (colicky symptoms, listlessness). The duration of 

 the disease is from one to several weeks and in severe cases a stage of 

 convalescence which may last for several weeks. 



Diagnosis. A reliable diagnosis can be made only after 

 the detection of roundworms or their ova in the feces or oc- 

 casionally in vomited matter. In suspected cases, vermifuges 

 may be given to secure a diagnosis. However, experienced ob- 

 servers Avill be able to diagnosticate the disease from the pe- 

 culiar smell of the exhaled air and of the urine. One may assume 

 the presence of Avorms in young animals with a good deal of 

 probability if they have previously been healthy, if digestive dis- 

 turbances of an indefinite nature come on in spite of good at- 

 tendance, and if in spite of good appetite emaciation develops 

 within a few" weeks. 



Treatment. This varies more or less according to the 

 species of animals. Its success should be controlled by the oc- 

 casional microscopic search in the feces for ova of ascarides. 

 It is advisable to feed horses previously fairly large amounts 

 of beets or potatoes (8-10 qts. daily wdth wdieat-bran), then 

 numerous worms are, as a rule, expelled (Moebius). The best 

 of the vermifuges is tartar stibiatus ; this drug is successful as 

 a rule, though not ahvays (Moller, Cadeac, Albrecht and others). 

 How^ever, this drug is not w^ell adapted for either very young 

 or old w^orked out animals, because it easily causes collapse in 

 them; sometimes intense colicky sjanptoms occur after its ad- 

 ministration, even in adult animals in good condition (Storcli), 

 especially if the drug is given dissolved in w^ater and upon an 

 empty stomach. For this reason Schlampp recommends the ad- 

 ministration of tartar emetic (12-15 gm. in 1 qt. of hot w^ater), 

 wdth 1 to 11/^ quart of wdieat-bran, the horse having, on the pre- 

 vious day, received half a ration for its noon meal, and nothing 

 at all for the evening meal. Light horses wdiich are much 

 affected by the treatment received, according to Lorenz' 

 method, 30 gm. tartar emetic (dissolved in 1 qt. of w^ater), 

 and this divided into 6 doses, each mixed with bran for 6 suc- 

 cessive meals. Schmidt gives 12 gm. of tartar emetic and 

 50 gm. of sulphate of magnesia, in 2 quarts of hotw^ater; 

 this is given for tw^o consecutive days, in the evening wdth 

 the drinking w^ater before the evening meal; the animals 

 should not drink any w^ater at all during the day preceding 

 the evening treatment. Instead of arsenic (0.1-0.5 gm.) in 



