488 "Worms in the Intestinal Tract. 



3. Oxyuris ambigua occurs in the cecum of rabbits and there produces violent 

 inflammation. 



The development of Oxyuris in horses is, according to Jerke, as 

 follows : the female deposits its ova at the anus of the host, while 

 keeping itself there, fastened with its tail. The ova adhere to the skin 

 around the anus and of the perineum, with a sticky substance, and they 

 develop into embryos within 1 to 3 days. They then dry and drop 

 to the floor, with detached scales of epidermis. They get out to the 

 pastures with the manure, and may infect the feed and straw; these 

 embryos remain alive quite long. (Roger claims that ova of Oxyuris 

 are disseminated by flies.) After ingestion into the stomach of a host, 

 the plug closing the ovum becomes dissolved, the emln-yo is set free and 

 transported towards the large intestine, where it reaches maturity. Four 

 months elapse between the time of infection and the appearance of 

 mature females of Oxyuris mastigotes; of Oxyuris currula, about three 

 months. Without free oxygen the embryos cannot develop in the ovum, 

 hence this does not occur in the intestine of the horse. 



Eog^er claims that Fihiria irritans (see dermatitis granulosa) is nothing else 

 but the larval stage of Oxyuris. 



Symptoms. Female oxyuris, attached near the opening of 

 the anus, sometimes causes an acute catarrh, or more frequently 

 an intense itching in the region of the anus, as a consequence of 

 suck irritation the animals rub their hair and the neighboring 

 parts on hard objects and sometimes produce eczematous in- 

 flammation, which may spread along the perineum and to the 

 thighs. One finds then worms in the crusts, around the anus 

 and also on the outer surface of the feces, and on rectal explora- 

 tion on the arm of the examiner after withdraw^al of the former ; 

 ova are found on microscopic examination (Pflug, Roger). 



Friedberger reported the case of a mare which had ex- 

 hibited signs of helminthiasis for tw^o years, and wdiich had 

 voided 10 to 15 Oxyuris mastigodes daily, for 9 days; Illy ob- 

 served severe colic which w^as cured permanently after the 

 evacuation of ^vorms. In a case of eczema of the tail with subse- 

 quent phlegmonous abscess, an Oxyuris mastigodes was found 

 anchored into the perineal muscles by Halm. 



Treatment. The best treatment consists in repeated rectal 

 injections of vinegar and soap water, possibly also solution of 

 corrosive sublimate (1:2000). The internal administration of 

 vermifuges is necessary only exceptionally in very obstinate 

 cases (in lily's case, arecanut 100 gm., followed in 4 hours by 

 aloe 45.0 gm., had a good effect). 



Literature. Friedberger, Miinch, Jhb., 1882-83, 81.— Illy, A^et., 1893, .475.— 

 Jerke, Zur Kenntn. d. Oxvureu d. Pferdes, Diss., Jena, 1901 (Lit.).— Ptlug, O. Eev., 

 1881, 82.— Eoger, Bull., 1905, 479. 



(f) Palisade Worms in the Intestines. Strongylosis intestinalis. 



{a) Palisade Worms in Horses. Sclerostomiasis equorum. 



Etiology. Sclerostoma occur in the intestine of the horse. 

 The description here given is based upon that furnished in 1900 



