Other Filiform Worms iu the Intestines. 



495 



Other Filiform Worms in the Intestines. Strongylus ventricosus 

 occurs sometimes in the small intestines of cattle and sheep without 

 causing disturbance of health. Strongylus filicolis occurring in the 

 duodenum of sheep, may cause enteritis and intestinal hemorrhages. 

 Str. nodularis occurring in the duodenum of geese and Str. tenuis 

 parasitic in the cecum of geese, chicken and ducks, is without any 

 pathologic significance. 



Sclerostomum hypostomum is frequently found 

 in the large intestine of sheep and of goats (see tig. 

 63) ; it occasionally produces intestinal hemorrhages. 



Filaria papillosa found frequently in the abdomi- 

 nal cavity or under the peritoneum of horses, accord- 

 ing to Rudolphi, occurs occasionally in the intestines 

 of this animal. It has, however, no influence upon 

 the health of the host. Rhabdonema longum, a small 

 worm only 6 mm. long, is a rare inhabitant of the 

 intestine of the sheep ; similar to it is Rhabdonema suis 

 found in the intestines of swine. 



Anguillula stercoralis is, according to Zlirn, found in Cochin China 

 chickens and causes diarrhea. 



Fig-. 63. Ovum of 



Sclerostomuiii hy- 



postomvini. 



(g) Echinorrhjmchus Gigas of Swine. 



Etiology. The Echinorrhynchus gigas is a thick, cylindrical, 

 white worm, thicker at the anterior end ; its external surface ap- 

 pears ammlated; an intestinal canal is not present. The pro- 

 trusible, rounded cephalic end is armed with five or seven row^s of 

 strong hooks; male 6-9 cm., female 20-35 cm. long; ova (Fig. 64) 

 oval ; the emlnyo is visi])le within a triple envelope ; the head of 

 the embryo is provided with booklets. 



The following may be said about the development 

 of Echinorrhynchus gigas : According to Schneider, 

 the ova are taken up with the larvfe of the cockchafer 

 (May-bug, Melontha vulgaris). The free embryos per- 

 forate the intestines of these Arthropodes, become 

 encapsulated in their abdominal cavity and remain 

 alive even in the adult May-bugs. If hogs feed on 

 May-bugs or their larvae, the capsule of the parasitic 

 larvfe becomes dissolved in the intestinal canal, the 

 larvfe then bores into the intestinal wall of the host. 

 Echinorrhynchus larvfe can probably go through their 

 development also in other animals, aside from the ]\Iay-bug. This seems 

 to be proven by the fact that the worm also occurs in America where 

 May-bugs do not exist. According to Lespes, ech. larvae occur in certain 

 snails; according to Kaiser and Blanchard, in Cetonia aurata; accord- 

 ing to Stiles, in Lachnosterna. 



Fig. 64. Ovum of 



Echinorrhynchus 



gigas. 



Echynorrhynchus is found with marked frequency in some 

 years and then causes great loss among young pigs. It appears 



