Enzootic Hepatitis of Young Pigs. 521 



hepatitis which showed considerable resemblance to the yellow atrophy 

 of the liver seen in fashionable women during the last months of preg- 

 nancy. The cause of the condition could not be determined. 



A similar disease was observed a year later by Czako & Hartmann. 

 In this case, there was no fever and the disease took a benign course. 

 Floris has recently recorded a disease occurring in Hungary, among 

 ewes that had been kept indoors for weeks. He connected the disease 

 with the number of fetuses in the uterus of the ewes, as in every case 

 that came under his observation there were three. 



A similar disease was described by IMurillo & Izcara as an nifec- 

 tious inflammation of the^ bile-ducts and gall-bladder. This was re- 

 ferred to a bacterial invasion. 



Haubold records a disease occurring among sheep during the 

 autumn months, the symptoms of which were : loss of appetite,great weak- 

 ness, increased thirst, jaundice, soft, pultaceous, and, at the last, blood- 

 stained feces. The cause was probably the exclusive use of wet grass 

 and clover, for no further symptoms were observed after the diet was 



flltGI*G(i 



According to Omler, the follo\\dng set of symptoms were seen 

 either on the same or the follo^nng day, in a flock of sheep feeding off 

 fields of good rye stubble ; great weakness and somnolence, inappetence, 

 watery diarrhea that was rather offensive and sometimes mixed with 

 blood,' staggering gait, pain on pressure over the abdomen, hurried res- 

 piration, fever, purulent discharge from the nose that was sometimes 

 blood-stained, rather bright red coloration of the mucous membrane 

 of the mouth. One-third to two-thirds of the animals died Vv^thin 1 to 2 

 days. In addition to inflammatory changes in the stomachs and intes- 

 tines, the liver was found to be grayish-yellow in color and easily torn. 



Literature, Azary, Vet., 1883, 69.— Floris, A. L., 1907, 497.— Hartmann, 

 O. Yj., 1884, LXI, 181.— Haubold, S. B., 1888, 75.— Omler, A. f. Tk., 1883, IX, 210. 



Enzootic Hepatitis of Young Pigs. Semmer has recorded an en- 

 zootic among two-months-old pigs that caused great losses in Russia. 

 In these cases the liver was enlarged and nodular. The cut surface 

 presented a variegated mosaic-like appearance, dark red patches alter- 

 nating with bright red or grayish-yellow areas. The peritoneum and 

 sometimes the pleura contained a serous exudate, the intestines w^ere 

 inflamed, the urine contained albumen. Between the liver cells, which 

 were inflltrated with fat, there were small-celled infiltrations and col- 

 lections of extravasated red blood corpuscles. The only symptoms ob- 

 served were debility and inappetence just before death. In the liver, 

 spleen and blood, None^^dtsch found large cocci, cultures of which when 

 inoculated into young pigs caused death in 7 to 8 weeks. At the post- 

 mortem the above-described lesions were found. From the long period 

 elapsing between inoculation and death and from the fact that only 

 pigs of about 2 to 4 months old were attacked, the author concludes 

 that the infection occurs immediately after birth, possibly by way of the 

 navel. 



According to Kleinpaul, Bradel and Willerding the disease oc- 

 curs in Eastern Prussia and it has recently broken out in a very vir- 

 ulent form. During the year 1906, the losses were greater than those 

 due to swine plague. According to the histological investigations of 

 Bradel, who describes the disease as hepatitis haemorrhagica morti- 



