Diagnosis. Prognosis. Treatment. 539 



sometimes elevation of temperature), chronic heart disease (en- 

 docardial sounds and evidences of congestion in various parts 

 of the body). In cases of ascites paracentesis abdominis should 

 be practiced, thus rendering thorough examination of the liver 

 more easy through the relaxation of the al)dominal wall. 



It is rarely possible to distinguish with certainty between 

 hyperplastic and atrophic cirrhosis of the liver. Apart from 

 the changes of shape that may be ascertained by palpation and 

 the enlargement of the area of hepatic dulness, it may be taken 

 that ascites and enlargement of the spleen indicate atrophic 

 cirrhosis, while pronounced jaundice suggests hyperplastic 

 cirrhosis. 



Prognosis. The disease is inevitably fatal, but there may 

 be temporary improvements. 



Treatment. In the first place the probable cause should be 

 removed. The diet should receive careful attention, all sour 

 grasses or irritating materials should be excluded, and a change 

 of food should be given. Neutral salts may be tried, and the 

 ascites may be combatted by the administration of diuretics and 

 by repeated tapping. Imminger advises intratracheal injec- 

 tions of Lugol's solution in cases in the horse; others have had 

 no good results from this treatment. 



Literature. .. Adelniann, Das Aneurysnia verniiii. equi etc. Diss. Giessen, 

 1908. — Begeng, tJber hypertroph. Granuiarzirrh. b. Eiiid. Diss. Leipzig, 1909 

 (Lit.). — Blanc, J. vet., 1S95, 274. — Bleichroder, V. A., CLA^I, 435. — Dantseliakowa, 

 Cbl. f. Bakt., 1904, XXXV (Eev.), .534.— Eisenmann, Monh., 1907, XVII, 97.— 

 Gilruth, The Vet., 1902, 436.— Imminger, W. f. Tk., 1889, 401, 449 (Lit.).— Jager, 

 A. f. Tk., 1906, XXXVI, 456.— Joest, Hb. f. p. M., 1903, III, 599.— W. Johnston, 

 Proe. Thirt. Ann. Conv. of the U. S. Vet. Med. Assoc, 1893, 120.— Langer, Unters. 

 lib. einen mit Knotchenbild. einherg. Process in d. Leber d. Kalbes. Diss. Giessen, 

 1904.— Marek, Z. f. Tm., 1906, X, 448.— Morot, J. Vet., 1896, 74.— Mugler, tlber 

 Leberzirrhose d. Pferde. Diss. Bern, 1909.— Nocard, A. d'Alf., 1877, 857.— 

 Putscher, B. t. W., 1881, 437.— Eaiiseher, Monh., 1905, XV, 1.— Robertson, J. of 

 Comp. Path., 1906, 97.— Schlegel, B. t. W., 1907, 49.— Schroder, Anini. Ind., 1891- 

 92, 371.— Smith, ibid., 1895-96, 180.— Tsehaiiner, Z. f. Flhyg., 1897, Vn, 164. 



12. Neoplasms of the Liver. Neoplasmata hepatis. 

 Cancer of the Liver. Carcinoma hepatis. 



Occurrence. Cancer of the liver is rare in all the domes- 

 tic animals but among them it is most frequently seen in the 

 dog. 



Anatomical Changes. Primary cancer of the liver is usu- 

 ally adeno-carcinomatous in type. Secondary cancer of the 

 liver generally follows primary growths in the stomach and in- 

 testines, in which cases the cancer cells appear columnar as a 

 rule. The primary growths may also be situated in the peri- 

 toneum, mammary gland, pancreas or lungs. The lesions in the 

 liver may vary in size from a millet seed to a fist or even larg- 



