Symptoms. 601 



In dogs such sj^nptoms are exceptional; tliey wander about in 

 an aimless fashion, howl and sometimes bite at the bars of their 

 kennels. 



The period of mania is, as a rule, of short duration, not 

 more than a quarter or half an hour, and is followed by a period 

 of deep depression. The animals are utterly indifferent to their 

 surroundings, and if made to move, do so with the greatest 

 unwillingness. They lie stretched on the floor, lifting their 

 heads now and then and moving their legs as if walking, or they 

 stand with eyes closed and the head supported either against the 

 wall or in the manger. The limbs take up unnatural positions, 

 either widely separated or even crossed, the result of which is 

 that they collapse. 



The respiration during the period of excitement appears to 

 be accelerated, but afterwards is, as a rule, retarded, deep, and 

 toward the end is sometimes of the Cheyne-Stokes tyi^e. The 

 pulse may be accelerated or slower then normal, and it is full. 

 The frequency is altered by the very slightest of influences. In 

 the later stages it is weak and scarcely perceptible. 



In carnivora and swine there is sometimes vomiting, par- 

 ticularly in the later stages. 



At the commencement of the disease, animals, and espe- 

 cially dogs, appear to be in a state of hyperesthesia. With the 

 increase of the disturbance of consciousness this decreases until 

 strong stimuli may provoke no reaction. In cases of extensive 

 meningitis there is often increased sensibility and warmth of the 

 roof of the cranium. 



Local symptoms are rarely observed and then, as a rule, 

 in the later stages only. Cramp of the muscles of the eyes 

 causes mystagmus, rolling of the eyes or strabismus. In cattle 

 the strabismus tends to be a convergent one. The pupils are 

 generally unequally dilated, and the reaction to light is either 

 slow or entirely absent. These symptoms are sometimes asso- 

 ciated with spasms of the muscles of mastication or trismus. 

 In a proportion of cases there are contractions of the muscles 

 of the lips, alas of the nostrils and ears, while in some cases 

 there are spasms of the neck. Fibrillar twitchings or muscular 

 contractions are also seen in some cases in the muscles of one 

 or other of the limbs. Individual muscles may become para- 

 lyzed. In this connection the squinting due to paralysis of some 

 of the muscles of the eyes is of importance, because when asso- 

 ciated with unequal dilatation of the pupils and rigidity it indi- 

 cates some diseased process involving the base of the brain. 

 In addition to this there may be observed paralysis of the 

 pharynx, of the muscles of the face, tongue and levator of the 

 upper eyelid. Very rarely there is hemiplegia. 



There is often an elevation of temperature, this being one 

 of the first symptoms. In the larger animals a rise of tempera- 

 ture occurring in the later stages is not infrequently connected 

 with some septic infection or pneumonia. 



