Treatment. 605 



their mouths. With the idea of supplying nourishment for the 

 nerve cells Fambach gave horses daily injections of water or 

 salt solution containing 0.5-1.0 gm. of lecithin which had been 

 previously dissolved in alcohol. As a rule four or five injec- 

 tions sufficed. Subsequent investigations showed, however, that 

 this had no special action. The bowels may be regulated by the 

 administration of salts, enemata or castor oil, and cats and dogs 

 should be given calomel (0.3-0.4 gm. or 0.05 gm.). Where there 

 is loss of consciousness or difficulty in swallowing owing to 

 pharyngeal paralysis, the drugs may be introduced with the 

 food by means of an esophageal tube. 



Cold water, snow, or broken ice may be usefully applied 

 over the frontal and parietal regions. This is best done by 

 means of rubber bags or bottles. In cases of severe and per- 

 sistent stupor cold douches may be given for periods of five or 

 ten minutes. These methods must be applied only if they can 

 be adopted without exciting the animal. 



In the very early stages bleeding may be practiced ; Klemm 

 advised the subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine (0.2-0.4 gm. 

 for a horse) in order to reduce the blood pressure in the brain. 

 This treatment has often been adopted, although good results 

 have not been obtained as a rule. Alleviation or even consid- 

 erable improvement has been observed in subacute cases fol- 

 lowing injections repeated for several days. Under certain cir- 

 cumstances the drug is prejudicial. Arecoline may be given 

 with the same object, the dose being 0.06-0.8 gm. Potassium 

 iodide or other iodine preparations may be given to accelerate 

 the absorption of the exudate, large animals receiving 10-15 gm. 

 and small animals 1-2 gm. daily. 



Smart rubbing of the neck and the inner surfaces of the thighs is advised by 

 many authors and especially in France. Intravenous injections of tincture of 

 veratrine are of doubtful value. 



Where there is great restlessness chloral hydrate given in 

 enemata, and subcutaneous injections of morphia are indicated 

 because the animal is likely to injure itself severely. Morphia 

 may stop vomiting in the dog and pig. 



Surgical intervention will probably prevent the extension of 

 secondary meningitis where that is due to injuries to the 

 cranium or to disease of neighboring organs. 



During the period of convalescence the animals should be 

 nursed with great care in order to avoid any relapse, and they 

 should be cautiously put to work only after all disturbances of 

 consciousness have completely disappeared for several days. 



Literature. Argyle, Vet. Journ., 1904, 162.— Augustin, Eev. Gen., 1905, V, 

 264.— Besnoit, Eev. Vet., 1906, 641.— Cadeac, J. Vet., 1901, 14; 1902, 193; 1907, 

 588.— Christiani, A. f. Tk., 1909, XXXV, 253 (Lit.).— Frohner, Monh., 1908, XIX, 

 129.— Hamoir, Ann., 1906, 391.— Hess, Schw. A., 1896, XXXVIII, 198.— Misch, 

 V. A., 1903, CLXX, 158.— Poulsen, Maanedsskr., 1908, XIX, 182; Pr. Mil. Vb., 

 1899-1908.— Eabieaux, J. Vet., 1901, 729.— Siedamgrotzky, S. B., 1888, 20.— Streit, 

 B. t. W., 1906, 385.— Thomassen, Ann., 1893, 243. 



