-622 Cerebral Anemia. 



over the upper parts of their bodies, and cold applications 

 placed over the cranium. If necessary, drugs having- a vaso- 

 constrictor action may be used, oil of camphor (20 to 30 gm. sub- 

 cutaneously for large animals and 1 to 5 gm. for small), caffein, 

 (4 to 8 gni. or 0.1 to 0.5 gm. subcutaneously), small doses of ether 

 or alcohol. If there are signs of edema of the lungs, venesection 

 may be practiced. According to the observations of D'Anchald, 

 the shelters found in many large towns, the object of which is 

 to prevent the occurrence of the disease, are injurious rather 

 than useful. 



Literature. Bartke, D. t. W., 1898, 101.— Bongartz, B. t. W., 18S9, 259.— 

 D'Anchald, Bull., 1907, 607.— Marinesco, Compt. E., 1906, S.').'?. 



5. Cerebral Anemia. Anaemia cerebri. 



Etiology. Acute cerebral anemia follows large losses of 

 blood, and may be caused by excessive quantities of blood pass- 

 ing to other organs (too sudden escape of exudates or transu- 

 dates from the large body cavities, or of gas from the alimentary 

 canal, too rapid parturition). Anemia of the brain of varying 

 severity may result from cardiac weakness and general dilata- 

 tion of the vessels, in severe infectious diseases, or various kinds 

 of poisoning. It is only very occasionally that cerebral anemia 

 in animals is due to constriction of the vessels of the brain own- 

 ing to some psychic influence or severe irritation of the skin. 



Among these should be included shock following severe injuries to the ab- 

 <lomen. In this case the anemia may be due either to a reflex contraction of the 

 vessel of the brain or it may be net up either liy a reflex inhibition of the heart or 

 an excessive dilatation of the vessels of the abdomen. A relaxation of the vessels 

 of the abdomen, is quite possibly the cause of cerebral anemia which frequently 

 accompanies severe diseases of the alimentary tract. 



Chronic anemia of the brain is generally associated with a 

 general anemia or specific disease of the blood (leucemia, per- 

 nicious anemia), and it may also be due to increase of the in- 

 tracranial pressure. In very occasional cases it may be due to 

 compression or thrombosis of the carotid or even stenosis of the 

 aortic orifice. 



Anatomical Changes. The meninges appear very pale and 

 their vessels in a state of collapse, no plexuses of small vessels 

 l)eing visible. The cortex shows scarcely a trace of pinkish color 

 and the line of demarcation between it and the white matter 

 is indistinct. On section only a very small number of minute 

 points of blood are visible. 



Symptoms. In severe acute anemia of the brain there is 

 some loss of consciousness from the outset, animals stumble, 

 pigs and dogs vomit and very soon fall to the ground, v»diere 

 they remain as if dead. 



