628 Liiilitning-strnke. Hemorrhage of the Brain. 



In the aiiiiaioiitly uiiiiijuicd iioivous tissues of men struck by lightning and 

 in animals killetl by electric shocks Jellinek found on microscopic examination 

 numerous small hemori-hages scattered through tlie nerve tissue, patches of nerve 

 tissue that had been (lestroye<l, and in animals that had lived longer, degeneration 

 of nerve fibers. 



Symptoms. Animals that are struck by liglitning may be 

 either kiUed on the spot or may die in a very short time. In 

 other cases after lying comatose on the ground for some time 

 they get up and may appear quite healthy, or they show nervous 

 sjanptoms which may persist for a varying length of time or 

 may be permanent. After the disappearance of coma the ani- 

 mals are generally somewhat unsteady on their legs and reel in 

 their gait, the sensorium appearing deadened. As a rule these 

 sjanptoms disappear in a short time, but not rarely local symp- 

 toms persist either for a short time or permanently. Such local 

 sjinptoms are generally those of paralysis, either monoplegia or 

 paraplegia, or, more rarely, paralysis of particular nerves. 

 There is not uncommonly observed in the horse a permanent or 

 temporary disturbance of vision. 



In addition to the lesions of the nervous system there are more frequently 

 seen lesions in other organs, and in particular burning or destruction of the skin 

 and the underlying tissues. On unpigmented parts of the skin the socalled lightning 

 figures can be seen. These take the form of dark-colored streaks or branching 

 lines. This is clearly shown in a preparation made from the skin of a sheep that 

 is in the museum at Munich. 



Course. There is generally a fairly rapid recovery from 

 disturbances caused by lightning. It is comparativel}^ seldom 

 that animals struck by liglitning die at once or later or have to 

 be killed on account of permanent disturbances. 



Treatment. If the animals do not get up for some time care 

 must be taken that they have plenty of straw to lie upon and are 

 turned from time to time. If there are severe symptoms of 

 sensory disturliance, stimulants may be given (alcohol, ether, 

 camphor, caffein, stimulation of the skin). As a rule recovery 

 takes place without any treatment whatever. 



Literature. Dexler, Nervenkrkh. d. Pferdes, 1889, 268 (Lit.).— Jellinek, Y. 

 A., 1902, CLXX, 56. 



8. Hemorrhage of the Brain. Haemorrhagia cerebri. 



{Apoplexy, Cerebral Apoplexy.) 



Strictly speaking cerebral hemorrhage refers only to such 

 hemorrhages of the brain as are not due to either traumatic in- 

 fluences or inflammation. 



Etiology. Among the domesticated animals cerebral hem- 

 orrhage is due principally to diseased conditions in which there 



