658 Tumors of the Brain. 



toms during life. Tumors in certain parts of the hemispheres, 

 the ventricles and other parts of the brain may reach a consid- 

 erable size without of necessity causing any symptoms. The 

 reason of this probably is that owing to the slow development of 

 the growth the brain accustoms itself to the altered conditions. 

 In the cranial cavity of a horse that had shown no symptoms 

 during life Blanc found a melanoma as large as a hen's egg. 



The general cerebral symptoms presented are a more or 

 less pronounced and slowly progressive dullness and awkward- 

 ness, which in some cases may increase until there is actual loss 

 of intelligence. In the case described by Roth mentioned above 

 the goat behaved as if it had no brain. Hand in hand with the 

 dullness there is slowing of respiration and of the pulse, and 

 peristalsis is retarded. Very often there are attacks of giddi- 

 ness or forced movements, the animal walks in circles or leans 

 up against the wall of the stable with the head drawn round to 

 the side (Brade, Jessen). It is only exceptionally that severe 

 symptoms develop within a short time and cause the death of 

 tiie animal, but this is particularly the case in tuberculosis of 

 the brain. 



From time to time there may be symptoms of excitement 

 and in cases of tuberculosis in which there are lesions involving 

 the brain in cattle there are epileptiform seizures at increas- 

 ingly short intervals as the disease progresses. 



In other cases the muscular spasms are limited to the mus- 

 cles of the head and neck or other parts of the body and in many 

 cases only mystagmus and trembling are observed, and espe- 

 cially during movement. 



Careful examination will reveal congestion of the optic 

 papillae as has been shown by observations of Scott and Wolff. 

 Amaurosis has in some cases been observed in connection with 

 these lesions, but in many cases the sight appears to be unaf- 

 fected. 



The local symptoms presented will, of course, depend upon 

 the position of the tumor. As a rule, there is paralysis of cer- 

 tain nerves which gradually develops, and in the later stages 

 may l)e severe, and may be extended to nervous tissue in the 

 neighborhood. Hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, cerebellar ataxia, 

 Jacksonion epilepsy, blindness are sometimes observed. In 

 some cases, there are alterations in the shape of the cranium. 



The following focal symptoms have been recorded in the cases which have 

 been described with accuracy: Amaurosis of the left side owing to the presence 

 of a tuberculous center the size of a haselnut posterior to the decussation of the 

 optic nerves (Uhlig). Muscular atrophy on the left side of the face with limited 

 mobility and sensitiveness of the left half of the upper lip in a dog as the result 

 of the presence of a glioma as large as a hazelnut which enclosed the Gasserian 

 ganglion and extended backwards as far as the nuclei of the VI-A^IIIth cranial 

 nerves (Gratia). A similar case was observed by Lydtin in a horse, but the atrophy 

 was limited to the muscles of mastication. Paralysis of the facial nerves on the 

 right side with lateral displacement of the head and neck to the same side, and 

 dragging of the left hind foot were observed in a horse having a sarcoma starting 



