672 Gill. Otlicr Parasitc-s oh' \\w Brain. 



aiiimars condition within llie next few days; the depression dis- 

 appears; there are no forced movements, the appetite retnrns 

 and in a week or two, the animal appears to have recovered. 

 Cattle as a rnle recover more slowly. For the first few days 

 after the operation, they are so weak that they have to be fed 

 artificially. Recovery generally takes two or three weeks, but 

 there are many exceptions to this. If, after the operation, symp- 

 toms make a fresh appearance and are associated with fever, 

 encephalitis or meningitis must be suspected, and the animal 

 slaughtered as soon as possible. The same holds good for 

 those cases in which symptoms appear after a longer interval, 

 l)ecause it is obvious that in such cases one or more cysts re- 

 main behind in the cranium. Now and then, a second operation 

 leads to a definite recovery (Renner). 



The proportion of recoveries following operation is of course very variable. 

 In sheep Scholtz records a ])ercentage of 25, Demann 33'/f , Kiihlmann 25 to 35%, 

 while in cattle Diem had 91% of recoveries in 24 animals operated upon and Pfab 

 59% of 58 cases. Half of Merkt's cases and all of Renner 's recovered. These good 

 results are quite the exception, accidents being recorded in the majority of cases 

 (Vollrath, Brauu). 



The only other method of treatment that will be mentioned here is that ad- 

 vised by Hartenstein and used by Nocard with good results in two cases. The 

 sheep is enclosed in a box with its head extended through a hole of suitable size 

 and, with the excei)tion of feeding times, the head is subjected to a stream of cold 

 water which is supplied through a rubber tube from a vessel fixed at a height. 

 The irrigation must Ije continued for three days and then repeated at longer in- 

 tervals until all symptoms disappear. Postmortem examinations have shown that 

 under such treatment the cysts die. De Mia effected cures in two calves up to a 

 year old by applying ice compresses to the head for 12 days. 



Prophylaxis. Efforts must be made to protect sheep and 

 cattle from infection from dogs. In this connection a reduc- 

 tion in the number of sheep dogs is indicated, and tapeworms 

 should be expelled from the dogs every two to tliree months. 

 During treatment the dogs must be isolated and their feces 

 burnt or buried deeply. Care must also be exercised that the 

 dogs are afforded no opportunity to get hydatids from animals 

 that have died or have been slaughtered. This is best accom- 

 plished by burning or cooking the affected brains. If certain 

 fields are known by experience to be dangerous, the young cat- 

 tle which are more susceptible, should be kept off them, es- 

 pecially during wet weather. 



Literature. Albrecht, Monh., 1S94, Y, 337.— Bauer, W. f. Tk., 1901, 15.— 

 Braun, ibid., 1906, 441.— Diem, il)id., 190G, S81.— Gotteswinter, ibid., 1894, 378.— 

 Greve, Mag., 1835, 23.— Hering, Eep., 1855, 20; 1859, 247.— Kunz, Schw. A., 

 1893, XXXV, 62.— Leblanc & Freger, J. Vet, 1907, 193.— Lovy, Vet., 1895, 222. 

 — De Mia, N. Ere, 1904, 109.— Moller, D. Z. f. Tm., 1875, I, 425.— Pfab, Miinch. 

 t. W., 1910, 73 (Lit.).— Eenner, W. f. Tk., 1878, 174.— Schmid, ibid., 1906, 706. 

 —Scholtz, Pr. Mt., 1869-70, 147.— Schwanefeldt, A. f. Tk., 1885, XI, 230.— 

 Trinchera, Clin. A^et., 1893, 485.— Vollrath, W. f. Tk., 1905, 791.— Zimmermann, 

 Vet., 1901, 689.— Ziirn, Tier. Parasiten, 1882, 139. 



Other Parasites of the Brain, In the pig, and more rarely in the 

 flog, the Cysticercus cellulosse develops in the ])rain, and the Cysticercns 

 bovis has been found in calves by Deleidi & Reggani. Lesbre records 



