of the Larynx. Paralysis of the Suprascapular Nerve. 737 



Literature. Agonigi, N. Ere, 1900, 305.— Albreeht, W. f. Tk., 1905, 305, 

 343._Beckniaiin, Z. f. Vk., 1891, 253.— Cadeac, Jouni. Vet., 1909, 30.— Dexler, 

 Nervenkrkh. d. Pferdes, 1899, 34 (Lit.); Ergebn. d. Path., 1900, Vii, 459 (Lit.).— 

 Friis, Maauedssk., 1905, XVli, 265. — Frohner, Monh., 1908^ XIX, 123.^Giittniann, 

 Z. f. Vk., 1908, 80.— Harms, B. t. W., 1906, 97.— Hirseh, Uber die Arytiiiiektoniie 

 usw. Diss. Leipzig, 1908 (Lit.).— Labat, Rec, 1900, 155.— Malknuis, D. t. W., 

 1897, 19.— Moller, Das Kehlkoi)fpfeifen d. Pferde, 1888 (Lit.).— Miiller, S. B., 

 1892, 25; 1893, 21.— Prietscli, ibid., 1905, 77.— Rosenfeld, Z. f. Vk., 1895, 161.— 

 Tayg, Journ. of comp. Path., 1904, 156.— Thomassen, Monh., 1904, XIV, 193, 

 289; Monatssehr. f. Psych, ii. Neurol., 1903, 423 (Lit.). — A'errier, Rec, 1883, 657. 

 — Vosshage, D. t. W., 1900, 209.— Walther, S. B., 1902, 167. 



Spasm of the Larynx. (Spasm of the Glottis.) References to 

 spasm of the larynx in literature are very scant (Giinther, Gerlach, 

 Leblang, Ebinger, Dieckerhotf ) . Hutyra and Marek recognized one 

 case in a foal by examination with the laryngoscope. In one case 

 recorded by Degive it is probable that the stenosis was due to a growth 

 in the pharynx. The disease is very rare in the horse. Bedel has 

 recorded one case of spasm of the glottis in a dog. 



The cause is (luite unknown, but it does not appear to be improb- 

 able that the condition occurs under the same circumstances as paraly- 

 sis of the larynx. The condition might he due to some nervous disorder 

 which does not lead to loss of conductivity of the motor nerves. At the 

 present time there are no facts to support the idea that the spasms may 

 be due to a neurosis. 



The symptoms agree in the main with those of paralysis of the re- 

 current nerve, only the noise is in many cases quite unconnected with 

 movement, and may even disappear after long and vigorous exercise 

 (Gerlach). During an attack, closure of the rima glottidis can l)e discov- 

 ered with a laryngeal mirror. Hutyra & Marek are of the opinion that 

 this occurs only in horses that have had tracheotomy performed (Au- 

 thors' case). 



In the differential diagnosis of the condition neoplasms of the lar- 

 ynx and pharynx and laryngeal paralysis must be taken into consider- 

 ation. 



In the treatment of the condition an effort must be made to lessen 

 the nervous irritability by means of narcotics (morphine and chloral 

 hydrate). If there be great dyspnea, tracheotomy must be performed. 



7. Paralysis of the Suprascapular Nerve. 



Occurrence. Up to the present time this disease has heeii 

 observed almost exclusively in horses, but in these animals the 

 condition is not very rare. A case in a dog has been recorded 

 by Zimmermann, and a few cases in cattle by Kovacs, Bru and 

 Szekely. 



Etiology. Paralysis of the suprascapular nerve is gener- 

 ally due to mechanical injury in the neighborhood of the 

 slioulder. It is caused principally by colliding with some ob- 

 ject or another horse, the nerve being injured where it turns 

 round onto the outer surface of the shoulder blade, and is 

 placed practically superficially an inch or two above the 



Vol. 2-47 



