774 Eclaini)sia. 



During the individual attacks one mnst protect the patient 

 from injury. But attempts to abort the attack are scarcely suc- 

 cessful; the procedure recommended for this purpose (passive 

 movements of parts of the body in opposite directions, wetting 

 the body with cold water, etc.) usually produce no effect. Only 

 if the convulsions follow one another very quickly, almost con- 

 tinuously, one should seek to allay the irritability of the cortex 

 of the brain by inhalations of chloroform or ether or by injec- 

 tions of morphine. 



The treatment of secondary epilepsy is to be directed 

 against the underlying illness. In so far as this is curable at 

 all, the emplo^^nent of narcotic remedies and the suitable treat- 

 ment (expulsion of worms, artificial removal of gadfly larvae 

 or pentastomes, relief of existing constipation, excision of cica- 

 trices, etc.) nmst be undertaken. Otherwise the treatment of 

 epileptoid spasms in organic diseases of the brain is usually 

 similar to that of true epilepsy. In Jackson's epilepsy oper- 

 ative treatment seems to be indicated; the favorable experi- 

 ences made in human medicine in this direction deserve at least 

 proper notice. The necessity of operation is to be considered 

 particularly in injuries to the skull, as well as where lesions 

 are localized in the cortex of the cerebrum. 



Literature. Bassi, Pastore, Mod. Zooiatrio, 1904, 201. — Draseke, Psych.- 

 Neurol. Wochenschr, 1906, 1.— Dexler, Nervenkrkh. des Pferdes, 1899, 224 (Lit).— 

 Fabretti, Eec, 1904, 51(5.— Holterbach, B. t. W., 1908, (356.— Kramell, Z. f. Vk., 1905, 

 498.— Lovy, Vet, 1892, 446.— v. Monakow, Geliirnpathologie 1905. I, 248 (Lit. on ex- 

 periments in brain irritation). — Otto, S. B., 1902, 70. — Sarbo, Die Epilepsie, 1904, 

 (Hungarian).- Schroder, Z. f. Vk. 1902, 25.— Sommer, Neur. Cbl., 1901, 152. 



3. Eclampsia. 



By the name of eclampsia convulsions are designated which 

 are in every respect similar to those of epilepsy, but which 

 either occur only once or run an acute course with several re- 

 currences. True eclampsia includes only those attacks which oc- 

 cur independently of organic diseases, that is which occur in- 

 dependently as pure neuroses. 



Eclampsia corresponding to this definition ordinarily oc- 

 curs only in very young dogs and pigs and is rarely obserA^ed 

 in older animals. 



The eclampsia of young animals occurs ahnost exclusively 

 at the time of teething. Many authors are therefore inclined 

 to consider that there is a causal connection between these at- 

 tacks and the increased sensitiveness of the gums when teeth- 

 ing; but in many cases some disease of an internal organ may 

 be shown to exist, such as intestinal worms, acute intestinal ca- 

 tarrh, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, in- 

 fectious diseases, etc. Poorly developed and particularly rick- 

 ety animals appear especially predisposed to the complaint. 



The eclamptic attack manifests itself mostly by quite simi- 



