Prophylaxis. Sarcosporidiosis. 827 



afterwards small and somewhat painful nodes appeared under the skin, 

 and these developed in three or four months to cysts as large as hens' 

 eggs. They contained at first a reddish, and later on a sero-purulent 

 fluid in which the cysticerci were suspended; later on the cysts broke 

 spontaneously and fistulous openings occurred in their places. Among 

 other symptoms, dejection, fever and loss of appetite were noticed. 



In deer, measles (Cysticercns cellulose) have often V)eeu found during meat 

 inspection (Borehmann, Agerth). 



Prophylaxis. The occurrence of the disease in swine can 

 be prevented by removing, the animals far away from manure 

 heaps, latrines, cesspools and drains. In the case of cattle the 

 stalls must be kept clean, and the owners and attend- 

 ants must 1)6 informed as to the nature and origin of the 

 disease, and must be told not to deposit their feces in such 

 places, in stalls (calf pens) or out in the open, where they will 

 be accessible to domestic animals. The contents of privies 

 should not be put on meadow and pasture land, but only on 

 arable land that is not used for the growth of green fodder. A 

 self evident prophylactic precaution is that persons affected with 

 tapeworm should immediately submit to medical treatment. 



Literature. Agerth, Z. f. Flhyg., 1906, XVI, 419.— Borehmann, ibid., 1905, 

 XV, 39.— Ciga, ibid., 1905, XV, 118.— Deleidi, Clin, vet., 1903, 273.— Edelmann, 

 Lehrb. d. Fleischbeschau, 1907.^ — Guustow, Z. f. Flhyg., 1906, XVI, 419. — Hoefnagel 

 & Keeser, Holl. Z., 1905, 351.— Kukuljevic, B. t. W., 1906, 626.— Noack, ibid., 1906, 

 348. — Ostertag. Bibliographie d. Fleischbeschau, 1905 (complete Lit.)j Fleisch 

 beschau, 1904.— Ottle, Miinch. t. W., 1909, 306.— Eepiquet & Salvatori, J. vet., 1906, 

 220.— Schmidt, S. B., 1900, 270.— Stroh, Z. f. Flhyg., 1907, XVII, 78.— Suffran, 

 Eev. vet., 1909, 401.— Trasbot, Diet., 1880, XI, 327. 



Sarcosporidiosis. The order of sarcosporidia is represented only 

 by a single species of sarcocyst whose young form of development is 

 found in the muscle fibers, and constitutes the socalled Miescher's or 

 psorosperm sacs. They occur especially in s^nne, sheep, horses, cattle 

 and goats, and in swine most frequently in the abdominal muscles and 

 diaphragm, in sheep in the skin and abdominal muscles, in horses in 

 the neck and muscles of the throat. Miescher's sacs are always longi- 

 tudinal in shape and contain numerous half-moon or kidney-shaped 

 bodies (sporozoites) ; the protoplasm of the infested muscle fibers show 

 uninjured striation. In case of calcification one still sees the kidney- 

 shaped bodies around the calcified S-shaped formations. Their hard 

 white capsule dissolves after the addition of potassium hydrate solution 

 (which does not occur in the case of trichinas). In their further de- 

 velopment and growth the protoplasmic bodies of the muscle fibers dis- 

 appear completely, so that the sarcosporidium is alone present in the 

 widely dilated sarcolemma, and lies imbedded in the intra-muscular 

 connective tissue. These little psorosperm sacs are very often encoun- 

 tered in the esophagus of sheep, goats, horses, buffaloes and deer. They 

 seldom occur in the muscles of the larynx, chest or belly, or in the heart 

 muscle. They appear as yellowish white cysts, of millet seed to hazel- 

 nut size, with pus-like contents. 



There is no ground for separating the order of Sarcosporidia into the two 

 classes of Miescheria and Balbiana depending on their presence in the muscle fibres 

 or the intramuscular connective tissue respectively, since they only represent diiferent 

 forms of growth of the sarcocyst (Bertram, v. Katz). There also occurs in the 



