Herpes Tonsurans, History. oqq 



and fetlocks and extends to the legs and even to the thighs The bend 

 mg of the jonits is more and more, limited, and finally becomes impos- 

 sible ; then the horse can only move by flexing the hip joint and drag- 

 ging Its colnmn-hke limbs along the ground; if it lies down it is unable 

 to rise without help. In spite of this the animal may be used for work ' 

 for 1 to 2 years provided it is not made to go faster than at a walk 

 Ihe skm IS at hrst rather soft and pits on pressure (Elephantiasis 

 mollis) ; later on, however, it becomes very firm, almost hard as wood 

 S' I- -^^ surface appears smooth (E. l^vis s. glabra) or lumpy 



(E. papil aris et verrucosa). Kitt observed an actinomycotic elephan- 

 tiasis ot the ear muscles in a pig. 



The skin disease itself is incurable and the treatment is limited 

 to keeping clean the thickened parts of the body (washing with Burow's 

 solution or acetate of lead lotion). (Barth, Z.. f . Vk., 1908, 60.— Eber- 

 iiarcl, r>. t. VV., 1906, 3.) 



18. Circinate Ringworm. Herpes Tonsurans. 



{Ringflechte, KaJihnachende Flechte, Borkenflechte, Scherende 



tlechte, Teigmal, Teigmaul, Maulgrind, Kdlher-, Ldm- 



mer-, Gaisgnnd [German] ; Dermatomycosis s. Tri- 



cophytia tonsurans, Tinea s. Porrigo decalvans; 



Teigne tondante ou tonsurante, Trico- 



phytie, Microsporose, Teigne de 



Gruby, Herpes episootique 



des poulains [French] . ) > -,-, , 



Herpes tonsurans is a contagions disease of the skin, which 

 IS caused by a thread fungus, the tricophyton tonsurans, and is 

 characterized by the occurrence of more or less roundish, sharp- 

 ly defined spots in the sphere of which the skin is at times cov- 

 ered with vesicles, but generally with scabs or scales, and 

 appears either naked or covered by short hair stumps. 



History. The tricophyton fungus was discovered in man almost 

 at the same time by Gruby (1843) and by Malmsten (1849) and was 

 named tricophyton tonsurans by the latter author. In a horse the 

 fungus was first seen by Bazin (1853), but the parasitic nature of 

 herpes in the domestic animals was first established in cattle and dogs 

 by the classic investigations conducted by Gerlach (1857, 1859). Hahn 

 (1861) further proved that the ringworm of calves was also of a trico- 

 phytic nature; in the cat, Fenger (1861), and in sheep, Perroncito 

 (1872) were the first to find the tricophyton fungus. Further interest- 

 ing observations and investigations on herpes of domestic animals were 

 conducted by Haubner, Bodin, Brauer, Siedamgrotzkv, Leisering, Ziirn, 

 Bodm, Almy & Bodin, Mathis, Pusch, Schindelka, U'. Frohner, Krama- 

 reff, Sabouraud, Suis & Suffran, Pecus & Sahouraud, Matruchot & Das- 

 sonville, and others. 



Shortly after the discovery of the parasitic thread fungus on the 

 skm, some investigators inclined to the view that it was merely a common 

 form of development of the aspergillus glaucus, while Grawitz, who 

 first cultivated the fungus on artificial media, declared the dermatomy- 

 cetes to be identical with the oidium lactis. Afterwards, however, the 



