Herpes Tonsurans in Cattle. 909 



ly increase for some weeks and tlien heal np by themselves, while 

 dark hairs often make their appearance. Itching is often pres- 

 ent but not of particular severity. As a result of infection in 

 the neighboring- parts of the skin the disease extends, so that not 

 infrequently the greater part of the body will be attacked within 

 a few weeks. Evrard, however, saw the formation of nodular 

 herpetic spots over the whole body in one day, while in an en- 

 zootic observed l)y Pecus c^^ Sal)ouraud the nodules had in the 

 course of two days appeared all over the body in several horses. 

 This occurrence of nodules, which is common in herpes ton- 

 surans of horses, induced the authors to assume the existence 

 of a very special contagious form of herpes (herpes miliaris s. 

 granulosus). 



Ringworm develops as herpes tonsurans vesiculosus on the 

 sheath and the inner surface of the thighs (Schindelka), in 

 which little vesicles arise in a circular arrangement on the some- 

 what swollen skin ; these, however, soon dry up, the places being- 

 then covered by small scales. During- the gradual spread of 

 the process in a circular form the individual spots heal up in 

 about 2 to 3 weeks, from the center outwards and the skin easily 

 desquamates. 



In asses and mules the tricophytia develops in a similar form as 

 in the horse (Saint-Cyr, ]\Iathis, Neumann, Sehindelka) and now and 

 then it is inciira])le. 



(b) Herpes Tonsurans in Cattle. 



In cattle herpes tonsurans occurs preferably on the head, 

 on the neck and in the region of the anus, less often on the 

 trunk, the croup and on the sides of the chest, while the lower 

 portions of the limbs remain unaffected, even if the disease 

 affects a large part of the body. 



The common form of ringworm in cattle is herpes tonsurans 

 crustaceus (scab herpes). It begins with the formation of pea- 

 sized nodules hidden in the hair and covered with little scales, 

 from which flat, raised, sharply circumscribed roundish spots 

 gradually arise, beset with ruffled hair and covered with grayish 

 white and dirty yellowish scales. The spots are at first of lentil 

 size and increase gradually, so that in 10 to 14 days they may 

 be about the size of a one-cent piece and in 6 to 12 weeks they 

 are as large as a tea plate. The skin is then covered by crusts 

 which gradually increase in thickness to the depth of 2 to 7 

 mm., they are grayish white, resembling asbestos, but appear 

 yellowish on light skin (Plate IV). These crusts attain a con- 

 siderable thickness (1 cm. and above) especially on dark por- 

 tions of the skin, while on light pigmented parts of the skin they 

 appear thinner and much more scaly. Together with the forma- 

 tion of scabs the hair becomes lusterless and dry, the dark hairs 

 become somewhat lighter in color, and break off above the scabs, 



