Mycotic Skin Diseases. Granular Eruptions of Hogs. 927 



formalin solution may l)e undertaken and will produce quick 

 results (Scliindelka). Painting- with benzine, also carbolic acid 

 ointment (1:20), calomel ointment (1:8) and creolin ointment 

 may be emploj^ed successfully. If the body is attacked it ap- 

 pears best, however, to kill the bird. 



As prophylactic measures sick birds should be isolated, 

 the fowl houses and runs divided, the infected abodes being 

 purified and disinfected. 



Literature. Galli-Valerio, Schw. A., 1899, XLI, 107.— Gerlaeh, Mag., 1859, 

 236.— Leiseriug, S. B., 1857-58, 32; 1864, 46.— Matruchot & Dassonville, Bull, 

 de la Soc. mycologique de France, 1899; Bull., 1901, 349.— Megnin, C. R., 1890, 

 151.— Miiller, 't). Vj., 1858, XI, 37.— Neumann, Eev. vet., 1905, 160, 255 (Lit.).— 

 Sabouraud, Suis & Suffran, Eev. vet., 1909, 671.— Sabrazes, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1893, 

 XIV, 152.— Schlegel, B. t. W., 1909, 689.— Schiitz, Mitt. d. G. A., 1884, II, 208 

 (Lit.). — Tschutkin, Die Pilze d. Gattung Achorion. Inaug. Diss., 1894. 



Other Mycotic Skin Diseases in Birds. Leisering observed an 

 exanthema in a cock, which chiefly affected the region of the cloacal 

 opening ; it was conveyed to several hens by the act of coition and caused 

 falling out of the feathers. The points of the feather quills contained a 

 dark colored mass which consisted of numerous dark green or yellow 

 spores. 



Rivolta & Delprato noted a skin mycosis in pigeons caused by the 

 aspergillus glaucus (Dermatomycosis aspergillina glauca) in the course 

 of which thin yellow crusts developed all over the body. The crusts 

 were rather broad under the wings, on the lower parts of the body they 

 were thicker, grayish blue in color and smelled badly ; on the other parts 

 of the body they were rather small. The birds became much exhausted 

 through the disease and finally died. (Neumann, Rev. vet., 1905, 225.) 



20. Granular Eruptions of Hogs. 



{Spiradenitis coccidiosa [Olt], Hypotrichosis localis cystica 

 [Litngekshausen] .) 



In granular eruptions small vesicles thickly clustered ap- 

 pear on the skin which, when fully developed, are bluish red or 

 black in color, and therefore give to the skin an appearance as 

 if small shot were imbedded in its tissue. 



Etiology. The cause of the disease 'is not yet known defi- 

 nitely. Zschokke, who was the first to describe it (1888) con- 

 siders that Grampositive cocci, 0.001 mm. in size, enter between 

 the cells of the epidermis and cause proliferation, the formation 

 of epidermis plugs growing inwards, which then coalesce into 

 small vesicles. On the other hand, Olt and later on Voirin came 

 to the conclusion that coccidia penetrated into the efferent ducts 

 of the sweat glands, which become diseased, and that the disease 

 of the hair follicles develops later. The protozoa, which may 

 be seen in the vesicles and to which Olt gave the name of Coc- 

 cidium fuscum on account of their brown color, show ameboid 



