944 Scabies. 



the animals at the commencement of the warm time of the year, 

 since mange may remain latent all winter. 



The sick animals nnist be isolated, and the healthy ones 

 must be cleaned carefully and kept under observation for a long 

 time, for infection cannot always be excluded by the most care- 

 ful examination. At the same time a thorough cleaning and 

 disinfection of the stable, blankets, cleaning utensils and such 

 like must be carried out. 



Literature. Ebersbach, S. B., 1867, 72; 1879, 143.— Fambaeh, ibid., 1890, 

 70.— Friedberger, Miinch, Jhb., 1872-73, 47; 1873-74, 44.— Furthmaier, T. Z., 1909, 

 214.— Kolme, Pr. Mt., 1860-61, 31.— Maier, D. t. W., 1895, 294.— Malkmus, A. f. Tk., 

 1896, XXIV, 342.— Neumann, Mai. parasitaires, 1892, 132.— Schlampp, Therap. 

 Technik, 1906, I, 206.— Zahn. W. f. Tk., 1883, 61. 



(b) Scab of Cattle. 



Dermatocoptes communis (var. bovis), and still more frequently Dermatophagus 

 communis (var. bovis) attack the body of cattle, while sarcoptes mites have hitherto 

 been found only rarely. In North America dermatocoptic scab seems to be much 

 more frequent (Hickman). 



1. Sarcoptic Scab. This form of scab seems mostly to 

 arise by transmission from the horse (Froriep), from the goat 

 (Eoll), from the dog (Viborg), from the sheep (Pflug) as well 

 as from the pig (Marek). It affects chiefly the skin of the head 

 and neck, and according to Roll quite similar symptoms are ex- 

 hibited to those of sarcoptic scab of the horse (Fig. 143). In a 

 case observed by Wolffhiigel, however, this mange affected the 

 whole surface of the body with the exception of the head and 

 neck, and the wrinkled, bleeding and leathery skin was covered 

 with scabs y^ cm. thick. In one of the authors' cases the dis- 

 ease occurred on the fetlocks as well as in the fold of the stifle 

 and manifested itself by inflammation, nodules, and scale for- 

 mation ; owing to the severe itching the animal very often licked 

 the affected parts. The hair fell out at the places mentioned. 

 The disease may be of short duration and may heal spontane- 

 ously. 



2. Dermatocoptic Scab. This disease is on the whole not 

 very frequent; after infection through diseased cattle (cattle 

 are not infected with dermatocoptes mange by horses and sheep) 

 it begins on the upper edge of the neck, at the foretop, at the 

 base of the horns, at the withers, on the sides of the neck, an- 

 other time at the root of the tail. It preferably advances in the 

 direction of the long axis of the body, later, however, spreads 

 also along the transverse axis and passes on to the lateral sur- 

 faces of the chest and belly, while, even in severe cases, the 

 legs remain unaffected. The intense itching causes the animals 

 to lick their bodies frequently and to rub themselves on fixed 

 objects; little nodules form in the skin and soon afterwards 

 brown crusts, which in time attain a quite considerable thick- 



