Scab of Sheep. 947 



may suitably be treated with creolin or tar liniment, in case it is 

 only limited to the neighborhood of the rectum or fetlock. 



Disinfection of the stables and fittings is naturally also 

 necessary in order to secure success. 



Literature. McFadyean, J. of eomp. Path., 1900, 73.— Hickman, Anim. 

 Ind., 1902, 45.— Miiller, Mag., 1860, 90.— Eabe, Hauu. Jhb., 1875, 78.— Uhlig, S. B., 

 1878, 78.— Weigel, ibid,, 1894, 129.— Wolffliiigel, Z. f. Infkrkh., 1907, III, 354. 



Mange in the Camel, Dromedary and Llama. In Africa sarcoptic 

 scaj is fret^uently observed in camels or dromedaries, and in zoological 

 gardens the disease may likewise be seen in these animals and in the 

 llama. The cause of the disease is the Sarcoptes scabiei. The affection 

 begins on the parts of the body which are covered with thin skin (ingui- 

 nal region, the lower abdomen and the axilla region) and spreads from 

 here to the body and neck, to the extremities and to the tail. Together 

 with intense itching, nodules and later on crusts and thick scabs form. 

 At the same time the hair falls out, while the skin gradually thickens 

 and becomes wrinkled. If timely treatment is not adopted, the skin 

 becomes cracked as a result of continuous ru])l)ing and often ulcerous 

 patches and secondary infectious or phlegmonous' inflammation of the 

 subcutis occur. The disease spreads very quickly in a herd, especially 

 in spring (Cadeac), and affects principally the young and the very old 

 animals. The mites are also transmissible to man (Plot). 



The treatment is similar to that in scab of cattle; but balsam of 

 Peru is especially recommended (Johne). The animals must previously 

 be clipped (Johne noticed fatal poisoning after rubbing in of liqu. 

 eresol. sapon. 1:4 on all four extremities and on the lower abdomen. 



(c) Scab of Sheep. 



The most frequent disease of sheep, which is usually called 

 sheep scab, is caused by the Dermatocoptes communis (var. 

 ovis), while mange caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei (var. ovis) is 

 much less frequent ; dermatophagus mites occur only exception- 

 ally on the bodies of sheep. 



1. Sarcoptic Scab. It occurs exclusively on the parts of 

 the body which are not cov^ered with wool, beginning generally 

 on the lips, in the neighborhood of the angles of the mouth and 

 on the edges of the nasal openings, from where it extends to 

 the other parts of the face and to the external surfaces of the 

 ears (head scab of sheep) ; in exceptional cases, especially if 

 they are severe, it may attack the feet at the back of the carpal 

 and tarsal joints and also spread further downwards. 



The itching is intense and the animals rub their mouths 

 vigorously on the rack, on the ground and on the fore legs. 

 Little nodules and occasional vesicles form on and around the 

 lips, and in these places crusts are formed, which are at first 

 thin, and later on rather massive, gray, dry and firmly adher- 

 ent. At a later stage of the disease the whole face may be cov- 



