952 Scabies. 



of arsenical dips after 8 to 1-4 clays, but the clip must l3e re- 

 peated once or twice after an interval of 8 days, especially if 

 cresol preparations are employed. 



Dips. Wliile formerly rather complicated mixtures were employed 

 Avhich stained the wool more or less, simpler applications are now nsed 

 which save the wool as much as possi])le. The following are nsed : 



Dips Containing Cresol. The dipping fluid is a 2 to 21/0 9r watery 

 solution, which is prepared by adding for every 100 sheep 5 to 6.75 liters 

 of purified creolin Pearson (Frohner), or lysol (Maisel), or liquor 

 cresoli saponatus (Brandl & Gmeiner), or bacillol (Paszotta) to 250 

 liters of water, which should be poor in lime, and mixed thoroughly. The 

 advantage of cresol baths lies in their simple mode of preparation and 

 in their cheapness (the cost of a bath is about $2.00), also in the fact 

 that the wool suffers no injury. On this account baths containing cresol, 

 but especially Frohner 's creolin bath, are at present most frequently 

 employed in cases of scab. 



The (lippiug procedure is as follows: one of the mixtures meutioued is 

 heated to 36 to 38° C. and poured into a wide bath tub; near this it is well to 

 place a second shallow bath. The sheep are then bathed singly in such a manner 

 that a man seizes the fore and hind legs and another the head of the sheep, at the 

 same time closing the eyes of the animals with his thumbs, whereupon the sheep 

 is dipped into the fluid with its back downwards and held there for 3 minutes 

 in such a way that only the nasal part of the face is above the level of the dip. 

 One must be careful that none of the fluid is swallowed. Then the sheep is placed 

 on its legs in the shallow rubbing off tub close at hand, and is brushed, kneaded, 

 scratched and worked all over the body by two other men, especial attention being 

 paid to the visibly diseased parts of the skin, and the crusts being removed as far 

 as possible. This' being done, the sheep is again dipped in the bath fluid and then 

 set free. In woolly sheep one limits the operations to working on the skin, un- 

 ravelling the matted wool and running one 's hand through the fleece. In ewes the 

 udder should afterwards be washed carefully with water. 



The dipping operations should be carried out in a place that is free from 

 draughts, clean and sunny, and the sheep should be protected from cold and wet 

 until they are completely dry. If some sheep show symptoms of scab after the second 

 dipping 8 days following the first, the whole flock will have to be dipped a third 

 time. 



The Prussian regulations of the year 1889 ordered the use of Frohner 'a 

 creolin dip officially. In this manner 750,000 sheep were treated in Prussia, in 

 the years 1888 to 1901, and SS^f, were cured. Although Frohner 's method seems 

 to have proved effective, the desirable limitation of the disease did not occur, and 

 besides several cases of poisoning have been observed. In the year 1903 the choice 

 of dipping fluids was left to the judgment of the attending veterinary surgeon; 

 but the official orders recommend as effective the arsenic dips, nicotine dips, as well 

 as the cresolic dips already mentioned. (The employment of inunctions is also per- 

 mitted in mild eases.) 



After the employment of bacillol baths which were heated to 35° C. according 

 to directions, Lowel & Conze noticed rather violent symptoms of poisoning which 

 disappeared after 2 hours; after the temperature had been reduced to 30° C. the 

 animals were not affected. 



Arsenical Dips. These contain as a rule a % to 1% solution of 

 arsenious acid, and are generally used in France; recently, they have 

 also been recommended again in Germany. They are very effective so 

 that in most cases one dipping suffices, yet now and again they cause 

 poisoning as a result of the arsenic they contain, especially if the skin 

 suffers injury during shearing; it is for this reason that they were 

 displaced in most countries by other dips. On this account it appears 

 advisable to carry out the dipping only 1 to 2 weeks after shearing, 

 and feeble or diseased sheep should not be treated at all with arsenical 



