Scabies of the Goat and Dog. 955 



1. Sarcoptic Scab. It begins on the face, especially on 

 the lips, around the nasal openings and on the ears, passing, 

 however, in severe cases to the body, the lower abdomen, the 

 ndder and finally to the extremities. At first gray, dry, bran- 

 like scales form, later on, however, the skin at these places is 

 covered with large crusts which are bluish gray, glistening, 

 fissured and hard, and is also thickened and wrinkled ; the hair 

 falls out, and the bald spots formed in this manner coalesce to 

 produce large hairless patches. Itching is very marked. In 

 this severe form the nutrition of the animals suffers very much, 

 and in consequence they die not infrequently (the mortality 

 figure may be as high as 50%). 



Scabies of goats is apparently transmitted now and then to 

 horses, cattle and pigs (Wallraif j and in several enzootics man 

 has also been affected (Roloff transmitted the disease artificial- 

 ly to short-wool sheep Avitli smooth fleece that does not get soaked 

 by perspiration). 



2. Dermatocoptic Scab (ear mange). This form of scab, 

 which occurs enzootically in the Congo State, manifests itself 

 by the collection of brown, fungus-like scales in the external ear 

 passage, which form firm plugs in the meatus and lead to deaf- 

 ness. The appetite is diminished and the animals perish after 

 several months of illness. 



3. Dermatophagic Scab. According to Delafond, this be- 

 gins on the neck, along the line of the back, eventually on the 

 root of the tail, and then spreads to the sides of the body; the 

 face, ears, extremities, udder, and tail remain exempt. By this 

 localization alone sarcoptic scab might be differentiated. Other- 

 wise the skin changes are similar to those of sarcoptic scab, 

 only that here the affection spreads more slowly and its course 

 is milder. Parker saw no falling out of hair in one case but 

 only the formation of hard scabs on the thickened skin, which 

 were damp on their under surface. 



Treatment. Since dipping is badly borne by goats (Wall- 

 raff used AValz's dip Avitli success), treatment is limited to 

 the application of anti-parasitic ointments and oils (see pages 

 942 and 951). Clipping the hair promotes the successes of treat- 

 ment. 



Literature.. Hal>]e, 5. Vj., 1S77, XLVII, 53.— Meiise, Handb. d. Tropen- 

 krankh., 190—, TTT, 791.— Roloff, A. f. Tk., 1877, III, 311.— Sander, ibid., 1896, 

 XXII, 63.— Wallraff, Eep., 18-54, 297. 



(e) Scabies of the Dog. 



True mange of the dog is caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei 

 s. squamiferus ; in addition to this parasite the Dermatophagus 

 communis (var. canis) is found exclusively in the external ear 

 passages. 



