Filaria Irritans. 997 



(Queraud) ; from these nodules ulcers arise, the walls and 

 edges of which are covered with brownish red granulations. 

 Between these, millet-sized to hempseed-sized, yellow, cheesy 

 or calcified foci may be found, each one of which harbors the 

 filarial larva, the white color of which forms a distinct contrast. 



The granulating ulcers show a great tendency to further 

 spread and obstinately resist every treatment; this is due in 

 part to the continued rubbing from intense itching. The ulcers 

 generally heal towards the end of the summer, but recur in the 

 following years when the warm weather comes. 



A similar complaint (socalled caloris), was observed by 

 Schindelka in military horses in Hungary, particularly^ in the 

 neighborhood of Kecskemet and Debreczen. Gero & Moharos 

 have recently described it under the name of ^'calore sores." 

 The last named disease, which appears chiefly to attack stud 

 horses, begins with the appearance of circular swellings, chiefly 

 on the body, but now and then also on the limbs, from the sur- 

 face of which a sticky fluid exudes. This dries, becomes parch- 

 ment-like and is cast off after 6 to 8 days, whereupon malignant 

 and gradually increasing ulcers form. The process only rarely 

 extends deeply and then may lead to septic infection and death. 

 With the onset of cold weather ulcers which have previously 

 resisted all treatment heal spontaneously. (Two cases of this 

 disease have been observed by Marek, but no parasites could 

 he detected in the ulcers, which already commenced to heal.) 



For treatment Eey recommends applications of sulphide 

 of arsenic in a thin layer, whereupon a dry scab, about 1 cm. 

 thick, forms on the surface, which falls off after 8 to 10 days 

 and healing then generally occurs in a short time. Blaise 

 treats the granulating surface with ether, chloroform or iodo- 

 form at intervals of 1 to 2 days, and by this procedure produced 

 a cure within a fortnight. Vanuta recommends the use of the 

 red-hot iron, while Darrou saw favorable results from the in- 

 jection of a 2% sterile solution of potassium permanganate at 

 several places in the region of the wounds (1.0 cc. in 4 or 5 

 places). Lienaux employed an arsenic paste (acid, arsenic, 

 pulv. sabinse aa, gummi arab. aqua dest. q. s.). Queraud found 

 painting with picric acid solution, and also (in the treatment of 

 conjunctival ulcers) copper sulphate very effective. In the so- 

 called calore sores, in the cases of the authors, a mixture of 

 1% picric acid solution and glycerine has answered well. 



Literature. De Does, Holl Z. f. Niederl. Tndieii, 1006, 303.— Gero & Moharos, 

 A. L., 1906, 493.— Hnguier, Bull., 1904, 469.— Lienaux, Ann., 1907. 137.— Queraud, 

 J. v6t. 1907, 621.— Roger, Eev. vet. 1907, 6 (Lit.).— Schindler, O. M., 1903, 49. 



As Dermatosis aestivalis buccarum Ablaire describes a peculiar skin 

 disease of the horse which occurs very frequently in the valley of the 

 Meuse, hut is also known in Saiimur and Algeria, and also in Africa 

 under the name of "eczema zebre." After a transitory edematous 



