CHARADRIID.E THE PLOVERS. 29 



a. alexandrina. Lores always crossed by a dusky stripe. In summer, 

 pileum brownish gray or dull buff. Wing, 4.40; culmen, .55-.60; tarsus, 

 1.02-1.12; middle toe, .55-.60. Hob. Europe, etc. 



/3. nivosa. Lores usually entirely white (never with a continuous or distinct 

 dusky streak). In summer, pileum pale brownish gray or grayish buff. 

 Wing, 4.20-4.30; culmen, .90; tarsus, .90-1.05; middle toe, .55-.60. Hab. 

 V. estern America; Yucatan; Cuba. 

 B. Nape without trace of white or dusky collar. 



a. Culmen eaual to or longer than the middle toe, the bill slender. 



6. JE. mongola. In summer, whole breast and nape clear cinnamon-rufous, and 

 top of head tinged with the same; lores, suborbital region, and auriculars 

 black, the former bordered above by a white line, sometimes meeting over the 

 forehead ; chin, throat, foreneck, belly, and crissum pure white ; upper parts 

 brownish eray. In winter, the rufous entirely absent ; forehead and lower parts 

 white, the breast crossed by a faint grayish brown bar, darkening into a dusky 

 patch on each side; auriculars and 1 oral streak somewhat dusky. Wing, 5.15- 

 5.40. Hob. Asia in general, breeding northward ; Choris Peninsula, Alaska. 



-ZEgialitis semipalmata (Bonap.) 



SEMIPALMATED PLOVEB. 



Popular synonyms. Semipalmated Ring Plover; American Eing Plover; Ring-neck; 



Beach Bird. 

 Tringa hiaticula WILSON, Orn. vii, 1813, 65, pL 59, f . 3 (nee LINN.). 



Charadrivs hiaticula OBD, ed. Wils. vii, 69. 

 Charadrius semipalmatus BONAP. Comp. List. 1838, 45. 



^Egialitis semipalmatus CAB. 1856. CASS. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 694. BAIBD . Cat 

 N. Am. B. 1859, No. 507. COITES, Key, 1872, 214; Check List, 1874, No. 399; 2d ed. 1882, 

 No. 586. RZDGW. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, No. 517. 



jEgialitis semipalmata B. B. & R. Water B. N. Am. I, 1884, 154.-A. 0. U. Check List, 

 1886, No. 274. RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 176. 



HAB. North America in general, breeding in the arctic and subarctic districts, migrat- 

 ing south in winter throughout the tropical regions, as far as Brazil and Peru. Bermudas ; 

 whole of West Indies; Galapagos. 



"Sp. CHAB. Small; wings long; toes connected at base, especially the outer to the 

 middle toe. Front, throat, ring around the neck, and entire under parts white; a band of 

 cieep black across the breast, extending around the back of the neck below the white ring. 

 Band from the base of the bill, under the eye, and wide frontal band above the wbite 

 band, black. Upper parts ashy brown; auills brownish black, with their shafts white in 

 middle portion, and occasionally a lanceolate white spot along the shafts of the shorter pri- 

 maries; shorter tertiaries edged with white ; greater coverts tipped with white. Middle 

 feathers of the tail ashy brown, with a wide subterminal band of brownish black, and nar- 

 rowly tipped with white ; two outer tail feathers white, others intermediate, like the mid- 

 dle, but widely tipped with white. Bill orange-yellow at base, black terminally ; legs pale 

 flesh color. Female similar, but rather lighter colored. Young with the black replaced by 

 ashy brown, the feathers of the upper parts bordered with paler. Downy young. Above, 

 pale grayish brown, mottled with black; a frontal crescent, broad nuchal collar, and entire 

 lower parts white. 



"Total length, about 7 inches; wing, 4.75; tail, 2.25." 



''Common during the migrations, generally in small flocks. In 

 spring the migrations extend from April 25th to May 30th, and 

 in fall from July 31st to the last of October. The 2d of July, 

 1873, 1 obtained several specimens of this species near Chicago. 



