A-NATli)^E THE SWANS, GEESE, AND DUCKS. 165 



pale slaty. Adult female: Crown and nape dull dark brown, becoming gradually lighter 

 below; rest of the head paler and grayer, the anterior half of the lores, the chin, throat, and 

 f oreneck nearly or quite white; chest, sides, and flanks, deep fulvous or raw-umber brown; 

 breast and abdomen white; anal region dull brown, longer feathers of the crissum whitish; 

 wings as in the male; remaining upper parts dull dark brown, the feathers of the back nar- 

 nowly tipped with fulvous. Bands on the bill narrower and less distinct than in the male ; 

 iris yellow; feet slaty. 



Total length, about 16 to 18 inches; extent, 24-27; culmen, 1.75-2.00; tarsus, 1.30-145; 

 middle toe, 2.00-2,15. 



Downy young: Above, grayish umber-brown, relieved by seven spots of light buff, as 

 follows : A small and inconspicuous spot in the middle of the back, between, and a little 

 anterior to, the wings; a large patch on each side the back; another on each side 

 the rump, at the base of the tail; and a bar across the posterior border of each wing. 

 Crown, occiput, and nape crossed longitudinally by a wide stripe of deep grayish umber; a 

 roundish isolated spot of light grayish brown directly over the ears ; remainder of the head, 

 including the forehead, and lower parts generally, light dingy buff, the flanks crossed by a 

 brown transverse stripe from the rump to the tibia. Side of the head without any longi- 

 tudinal stripes. 



The chief variation in the plumage of this species consists in 

 the distinctness of the chestnut collar in the male. In some ex- 

 amples this is scarcely more conspicuous than in A. affinis, being 

 dull brown instead of reddish ; but usually the color is a well- 

 defined chestnut, particularly in front. 



The female of this species resembles very closely in coloration 

 that of the Red-head (A. americana), but may be readily dis- 

 tinguished by the very different proportions, the average 

 measurements of the two being about as follows: 



A. americana. Wing 8.50, culmen L90. greatest width of bill .85, least width .75, tarsus 1.60, 

 middle toe 2.30. 



A. collaris. Wing 7.50, culmen 1.80, greatest width of bill .85, least width .65, tarsus 1.35, 

 middle toe 2.00. 



There is very little in the habits of this species to distinguish 

 it from the other "black-heads." Like them, it usually asso- 

 ciates in small flocks, and its flesh is excellent, being fat, tender, 

 and juicy. It often passes the winter in the southern portions 

 of Illinois. 



GENUS GLAUCIONETTA STEJNEGER. 



Clangula FLEM. Philos. Jour, ii, 1822, 260. Type, Anas clangula LINN. (Nee LEACH, 1819J 

 Glaucion KAUP, Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 53. Same type. (Nee OKEN 1816.) 

 Glaucionetta STEJN. Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. viii. Sept. 14, 1885, 409. Same type. 



GEN. CHAE. Bill much shorter than the head, deep through the base, the lateral out- 

 lines converging toward the tip, which is ratho.r pointed than rounded; lamellae completely 

 hidden by the overhanging edge of the maxilla; nostrils situated about midway between 



