172 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



But a single species of this well-marked genus is known. This, 

 the Harlequin Duck, is common to both continents of the north- 

 ern hemisphere, where it inhabits chiefly high latitudes. 



Histrionicus histrionicus (Linn). 



HABLEQTTIN DUCK 

 Foiralar synomyms. Lord and Lady (Maine, New Brunswick, etc.) ; Painted Duck and 



Mountain Duck (Hudson's Bay) ; liock Duck (Nova Seotia) ; Squealer (Maine). 

 Anas histrionica ~Li*v. S. N. ed.10, i. 1758, 127; ed. 12, i, 1766, 204. WILS. Am. Orn. viii, 



1814, 139, pL 72 fig. 4. 



Fuligula (Clangula) histrionica BONAP. Synop. 1828, 394. NUTT. Man. ii, 1831, 448. 

 FuKgula histrionica AUD. Orn. Biog. iii, 1835, 612; v, 1-539. 617; Synop. 1839, 617; B. Am. 



vl, 1843, 374, pL 409. 

 Histrionicus histrionicus Bouc. Cat. Av. 1876. 60. A. 0. U. Check List, 1886, No. 155. 



RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887. 107. 

 Clangula torquata BBEHM, Vogelf. 1855, 385. 



Histrionicus torquatus BONAP. Comp. Bend, xliii, 1856. BAIBD, B. N. Am. 1858, 798; 

 Cat N. Am. B. 1859, No. 596. COUES, Key, 1872, 291; Check List, 1873, No. 510; B. N. 

 W. 1874, 578. 



Anas minuta LINN. 8. N. ed. 10. i, 1758, 127; ed. 12. i, 1766, 2<4 (female.) 

 Histrionicus minutus DBESSEB, Birds of Europe (in text). COUES, Bull Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, v, Apr. 1880, 101 ; Check List. 2d ed. 1882, No. 730. RIDGW. Nom. N. Am. B. 

 1881, No. 622.-B. B. & B. Water B. N. Am. ii, 1884, 52. 



HAS. Northern North America, Europe. and Asia; south in winter to the Middle States, 

 Illinois, Missouri, California, etc. ; breeding south to Newfoundland, the Northern Bocky 

 Mountains, and in the Sierra Nevada to lat. 38 orfarther; Iceland; Eastern Asia. 



SP. CHAB. Adult male: Entire loral region, continued backward from its upper part in 

 a stripe on each side of the crown, an oval spot over the ears, a stripe of a little more than 

 an inch in length down each side of the nape, a narrow collar completely encircling the 

 lower neck, a broad bar across each side of the breast, the middle portion (longitudinally) 

 of the outer scapulars, the greater part of the tertials, a spot near the tip of the greater 

 wing-coverts, and a small spot on each side of the crissum, at the base of the tail, white. 

 A broad longitudinal stripe on each side of the crown and occiput, with entire sides and 

 flanks, bright rufous. Head and neck, except as described, dark plumbeous, with a faint 

 violaceous cast, becoming gradually black along the border of the white markings; pileum 

 with a median stripe of blue-black extending from the base of the cnlmen to the occiput. 

 Back, chest, and sides of the breast bluish plumbeous, the white collar and the white bar 

 on the sides of the breast bordered on each side by deep blue-black; rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, and erissum deep blue-black ; abdomen dark sooty grayish, blending insensibly 

 into the plumbeous of the breast and the black of the erissum, but distinctly defined against 

 the rufous of the sides and flanks; wing-coverts plumbeous-slate; primaries and rectrices 

 dusky black ; secondaries ("speculum") metallic dark violet- blue; tertials white, the outer 

 webs edged with black, the inner with dark plumbeous. Bill light yellowish olive, the ex- 

 treme tip paler; iris reddish brown; feet pale bluish, the webs dusky, the claws whitish. 

 A dult male in post-nuptial plumage: Pattern of the head- markings same as in the prece i - 

 ing, but the plumbeous much duller, the black stripe of tho pileum dusky, the rufous on the 

 sides of the crown and occiput wanting, or but faintly indicated. Upper parts in general 

 nearly uniform dusky grayish brown, without well-defined white anywhere, no blue-black, 

 and the speculum dull dusky brownish gray, with little, if any. gloss. Lower parts grayish 

 white, each feather marked with a aubterminal transverse spot of grayish brown, the sides, 

 flanks, and erissum nearly uniform grayish brown ; no rufous on sides or flanks, and col- 

 lar round tho lower neck imperfect, or only slightly indicated. Adult female: Somewhat 



