THE MICROBE OF TYPHOID FEVER 169 



the inilk reveal typhoid germs. The cows drink 

 from a certain brook. Specimens of that brook 

 water reveal the same germs. The foe is thus 

 traced to the polluted water. 



Such facts might be indefinitely multiplied. 

 They all tell the same story. In every case the 

 enemy lurks in Surface water. 



The only remedy is to prevent pollution of the 

 water, or to stop using it. In every case of ty- 

 phoid destroy the germs in the excreta. In no case 

 dispose of the excreta where the germs may find 

 their way into a stream. Often inspect such 

 water supply. Send specimens to the laboratory. 

 If germs are found, stop using it until their source 

 is searched out and the water purified. 



Look out as sharply for the ice supply. Freez- 

 ing does not kill the typhoid germs. If ice is 

 taken from polluted water, it contains the germs. 

 When it melts, they are as active as ever. 



The antitoxine for typhoid has not yet been dis- 

 covered; but, what is far better, the vaccine has 

 been discovered. In so far as used, the result is 

 considered very successful. It probably will never 

 be used except by those who may be specially ex- 

 posed to typhoid infection. Soldiers are such a 

 class. Owing to the fact that they generally get 

 their drinking water, especially when on the march 

 or in active service, from almost any source where 

 they happen to find it, they are, more than others, 

 exposed to infection. 



For this reason the newly discovered vaccine has 



