94 ECONOMICS OF FORESTRY. 



up to that time living under a tolerably well 

 developed forest policy is now working to repair 

 resulted from these times of forest dismemberment 

 and forest destruction. Naturally voices against 

 this reckless procedure became louder and louder, 

 as the effects of continued forest devastation and 

 improper clearing became more and -more visible, 

 and, as the governments became stronger after the 

 Napoleonic wars, reconstruction and return to con- 

 servative policies were bound to follow. At the same 

 time the technical part of forestry, the methods of 

 forestry practice, had been gradually developed in an 

 empiric way, and with the development of natural 

 sciences were placed on a more stable basis and 

 taught in special forestry schools and at universi- 

 ties by the end of the eighteenth and beginning 

 of the nineteenth century. We can fairly well 

 compare our present movement in the United 

 States on behalf of rational forest management 

 with what was going on in Germany a hundred 

 years ago. A fuller study into the history of this 

 movement in the old countries, at which we have 

 here glanced only briefly, would aid better than 

 any academic discussions and arguments to a full 

 understanding of both the economic and technical 

 problems involved, 



In the pioneer days of a newly settled country, 

 which is forest-covered like the eastern United 

 States, man by necessity must remove a part of the 

 forest growth for the purpose of gaining ground for 



