166 ECONOMICS OF FORESTRY. 



The tree which satisfies these arboriculturists 

 does not at all satisfy the requirements of the 

 forester, for his point of view, his aim, is a different 

 one and hence his methods are his own. In fact, 

 single trees are not his object any more than the 

 single grass blade is the object of the farmer ; the 

 largest amount of wood in the most salable or 

 profitable form is his aim, logs rather than trees, 

 and the financial results from their harvest. The 

 final aim of the silviculturist is, therefore, attained 

 only when he has removed the old trees and re- 

 placed them by a young crop. He grows trees in 

 masses and for their substance. Not only does he 

 deal with trees in masses, but with trees in natural 

 conditions, being by financial considerations often 

 limited in the use of artificial aids and methods, 

 such as the other arboriculturists and the farmer 

 in his crop production may employ. 



Restricted as he is, or finally will be, to the poorer 

 soils and conditions, those least favorable to agri- 

 cultural production, he is forced to the most con- 

 servative management of the natural conditions 

 in order to secure a desirable result without too 

 much expenditure, which his long-maturing crop 

 cannot repay. 



The simplest method of harvesting the crop of 

 nature and replacing it is to cut clean or clear the 

 ground and plant or sow the new crop, the farmer's 

 method. This is called " artificial reproduction " or 

 " reforestation," and is largely practised in Europe. 



