176 ECONOMICS OF FORESTRY. 



in securing the seeding. The greatest nicety of 

 judgment is required to direct these operations, 

 taking into account the requirements of the species 

 and the conditions and progress of development of 

 the young crop. 



To secure a full crop by this natural method 

 often requires, not only careful manipulation, but 

 patient waiting for years, since trees do not bear 

 seed every year and the young crop may from this 

 or other causes fail to establish itself wholly or in 

 part, when another seed year must be awaited, or 

 the " fail " places filled out artificially by planting. 



The artificial reforestation may be made either 

 by sowing the seed or by transplanting seedlings 

 secured from nurseries or from the woods. This 

 planting or sowing is done after more or less care- 

 ful preparation of the soil, the preparation and 

 manner of planting depending on soil conditions, 

 species, and financial considerations. 



Simple and effective as these artificial methods 

 are, there are certain dangers connected with them, 

 which follow their injudicious application. The 

 exposure of the soil may lead to its deterioration, 

 the sun-warmed areas are apt to breed insects, the 

 standing timber, exposed to sweeping winds, may 

 be thrown when the opening is large. 



Where in a natural seeding a hundred thousand 

 seedlings would cover the soil and quickly replace 

 the shelter removed in the old growth, economy 

 will permit the planting of only a few thousand 



