METHODS OF FOREST POLICY. 235 



interests, as well as of future well-being, demand 

 the application of the old Roman law: Utere tuo 

 ne alterum noceas ; here the police power of the 

 state is invoked, extended according to our wider 

 horizon and fuller conception of the need and 

 direction to which the protective function of the 

 state is required, as developed in the first chapter. 

 In the exercise of this protective function, the state 

 performs merely the primary logical duty .of its 

 existence, namely, securing for each of its members 

 the maximum opportunity to do for himself, pre- 

 venting interference, direct or indirect, by others ; 

 it is not doing for the individual what he could 

 have done for himself, and it is not liable to the 

 charge of paternalism. 



In practical application of this principle, the 

 question must, to be sure, be settled either in 

 general or in each case, as to whether injury is 

 being done or is to be anticipated by the unre- 

 stricted use of the property, and what form the 

 interference by the state is to take. 



There are three generically different ways in 

 which the state can assert its authority and carry 

 out its obligations in protecting the interests of 

 the community at large and of the future against 

 the ill-advised use of property by private owners : 

 namely by persuasive, ameliorative, or promotive 

 measures, exercising mainly its educational func- 

 tions ; by restrictive measures or indirect control, 

 exercising police functions ; and by direct con- 



