280 ECONOiMICS OF FORESTRY. 



area managed, the number of men employed, and 

 the revenue derived for the state. In 1898 this 

 forestry department had control of about 90,900 

 square miles of forest, nearly half of all the for- 

 ests, and about 10 per cent of the entire area of 

 India. Of these state forests, nearly 82,000 square 

 miles are " reserve " or permanent state forests, 

 while the rest are held, as "protected" and "un- 

 classed," and will become reserve or permanent 

 forests as fast as the necessary surveys and settle- 

 ment can be made. 



The area of protected reserved forests is con- 

 stantly varying, for although new areas are taken 

 up, others are changed into reserves. About 

 28,000 square miles of forest property of the em- 

 pire remain still unclassed. On page 114 we have 

 given an account of the personnel required in the 

 management of this largest and youngest forest 

 department of the world and its financial results. 



More than half of India lies within the Tropics, 

 and over 60 per cent is farther south than New 

 Orleans, the latitude of which is 30. From this 

 it is apparent that the climate is generally hot, but, 

 owing to diversity of elevation and peculiarities of 

 the distribution of rainfall, it is by no means 

 uniform. 



The rains of India depend on extraordinary sea 

 winds, or "monsoons," and their distribution is 

 regulated by the topography of land and the rela- 

 tive position of any districts with regard to the 



