almost certain. Clean sand on the floor and clean water to drink, with 

 no puddles, and you prevent the bacteria from growing that causes 

 these diseases. 



Roup may be started from a cold that comes from damp, drafty 

 houses, and is a swelling of the head and eyes, and becomes very foul 

 and filthy. 



Deep, dusty houses with little sunlight is the cause of roup. _ The 

 small open front pens with hens always near the fresh air, with no dust, 

 are best, and roup will not be prevalent, will be absolutely controlled. 



The loss from canker, roup and chicken pox is terfifele in systems 

 with outside yards. 



Worms in Poultry 



There are two kinds of worms that infest the intestines ;of poultry. 

 These are the small pinworms and the tapeworm. When a flock of 

 fowls becomes affected with these worms, there is no chance of profit 

 whatever until the worms are eliminated. There is no more disastrous 

 condition for poultry than that of being infected with intestinal worms. 



These worms also come from filth like canker, chicken pox and 

 roup. Where hens run on the same ground for a period there is always 

 danger of worms. If hens are allowed an outside run they must have 

 new ground each year. This makes yards expensive, and since the 

 highest egg-production is obtained without yards, why take a chance 

 with all the dread diseases that come from yards? Wet mash mixed 

 with tobacco tea will expel worms from poultry. 



Small flocks in open front pens with clean, sharp sand on the floor 

 will give the best quarters possible in which to keep hens free from 

 diseases. Clean, dry sand prevents any bacteria from starting. This 

 sand should be renewed at least once each year and twice is better. 

 It is cheaper and cleaner than straw. 



Going Light 



This is a disease which is like consumption in people. It is tuber- 

 culosis. It is caused principally by too much dust in the poultry 

 houses. Where large numbers of hens are kept together there is nearly 

 always a cloud of dust. Breathing this continually causes the lungs to 

 become diseased. Dust also irritates the lining passages of the nostrils 

 and causes colds, which are the direct cause of roup. The worst thing 

 that can be put on a poultry house floor is straw or litter of any kind. 

 It gathers moisture easily and soon becomes foul. It breaks up into 

 small pieces and a very disagreeable dust is thrown off when the hens 

 scratch in it. This dust is ruinous to hens. Clean, sharp sand is the 

 freest from dust and easy to keep clean, as the droppings lay on the top 

 and are easily lifted off. 



With my system of small open front pens the hens are freer from dust 

 than under any other system, and going light is reduced to a minimum. 



Rupture from Heavy Egg Production 



During the first year of laying many young hens burst blood vessels 

 in laying, and if not taken immediately from the other hens they will 

 be torn so that they bleed to death. These hens are perfectly healthy 

 and good for market if caught in time, and as there is no help for it, 

 that is the best thing to do. 



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