362 



ECOLOGY. 



at the end near the flower stalk. In doing this it passes the stigma first and 

 the anther last, rubbing against Ixith. The pollen caught on the head of 



Fig- 459- 



Proterandry in the bell-flower (campanula). Left figure shows the svngencecious stamens 

 surrounding the immature style and stigma. Middle figure shows the immature stigma being 

 pushed through the tube and brushing out the pollen ; while in the right-hand figure, after 

 the pollen has disappeared, the lobes of the stigma open out to receive pollen from another 

 flower. 



the insect, will not touch the stigma of the same flower, but will be in posi- 

 tion to come in contact with the stigma of the next flower visited. 



662. Epipactis. In epipactis, shown in fig. 466, the action is similar to 

 that of the blue iris. 



Fig. 460. 



Kalmia latifolia, showing position of anthers before insect visits, and at the right the 

 scattering of the pollen when disturbed by insects. Middle figure section of flower. 



663. In some of the tropical orchids the pollinia are set free when the insect 

 touches a certain part of the flower, and are thrown in such a way that the 

 disk of the pollinium strikes the insect's head and stands upright. By the 

 time the insect reaches another flower the pollinium has bent downward suffi- 



