ECO LOG Y. 



herbaceous annuals or perennials. In time they rise above 

 these. Each year adds to their height and spread of limb, until 

 eventually forest again stands where it was removed years before. 

 In the Piedmont section of the Southern States such a view as is 



Fig. 479. 

 Abandoned field, Alabama, self reforested by pines. (Photograph by Prof. P. H. Mell.) 



presented in fig. 478 represents how abandoned fields are taken 

 by the broom-sedge, to be followed later by pines, and later 

 by a forest as shown in fig. 479. 



688. In New York State many abandoned hillsides are being 

 reforested slowly by nature with the white pine. Fig. 480 rep- 

 resents a group of self-sown pines ranging from three to six 



