HOW PLANTS OBTAIN WATER. 



48. Frullania. In fig. 32 is shown another liverwort, which 

 differs greatly in form from the ones we have 

 just been studying in that there is a well-defined 

 axis with lateral leaf-like outgrowths. Such liver- 

 worts are called foliose liverworts. Besides these 

 two quite prominent rows of leaves there is a 

 third row of poorly developed leaves on the under 



surface. Also 

 from th e 

 under surface 

 of the axis 

 we see here 

 and there 

 slender out- 

 Fig. 34- growths, the 



Under side, 



showing forked rhlZOldS, 

 under row of 



leaves and lobes t h T O U g h 

 of lateral leaves. . 



which much 



Fig. 32- Fig. 33. 



Portion of plant of Portion of same 

 Frullania, a foliose more highly magni- 

 fied, showing over- 

 lapping leaves. 



liverwort. 



of the water is absorbed. 



49. Absorption by the mosses. Among the mosses, which are 

 usually common in moist and shaded 

 situations, examples are abundant 

 which are suitable for the study of 

 the organs of absorption. If we take 

 for example a plant of mnium 

 (M. affine), which is illustrated in fig. 

 36, we note that it consists of a slender 



Fig. 35- 

 Foliose liverwort (bazzania) showing dichotomous branching and overlapping leaves. 



axis with thin flat, green, leaf-like expansions. Examining with 



