522 



ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY 



Infant mortality, reduction of, 393 



Infection, 386, 387 ; eye, 237 ; of food, 

 152; protection against, 388 



Inhibition, 248 



Ink bag in cuttlefish, 363 



Inorganic, 16-17, 178 



Insecta, 283, 484 



Insects, and birds, 426; damage done 

 by, 418 ; fighting against, 422 ff. ; as 

 food, 412 ; galls produced by, 374- 

 375 ; as germ carriers, 126, 398, 410, 

 420 ; injurious, 414 ff. ; intelligence 

 in, 434 ; as intermediate hosts, 404 ; 

 life stages of, 279, 281, 282-283; 

 orders of, 486 ; predatory, 374 ; 

 relation to flowers, 309 ff., 312; 

 reproduction in, 329 ; respiration 

 in, 145 ; sense organs of, 239, 240, 

 241; social, 433-435; and useful 

 animals, 420 ; and useful plants, 

 417; and wealth, 412; and young, 

 332 



Inspiration (breathing), 149 



Instincts, 244, 500 ; home-finding, 

 363 ; modification of, 245 ; relating 

 to young, 334 ; for selection of food, 

 90, no 



Intelligence, 434, 502, 504 ff. 



Interdependence, between organisms, 

 5, 63, 64, 424, 434, 508 ; of flowers 

 and insects, 310 ff. ; of people, 393, 



435' 54. 57> 5 8 > 59 ff - 

 Intermediate hosts, 404, 411 

 Internal factors in development, 290 

 Internal secretions, 188-189 

 Intestines, 82, 83, 84, 86-88, 188; 



evacuation of, 88, 117, 118-119; 



length of, 1 06; of various animals 



compared, 105-106 

 Invertebrates, 327, 482 

 Invisibility, protection by, 352 

 Involuntary muscles, 219 

 Irritability, 18, 24, 158, 182, 220, 226, 



287 



Jellyfish, 372, 373 

 Johannsen, Dr. Wilhelm, 442 



Kallima butterfly, 355 



Kangaroo, 335 



Katydid, 351, 354 



Kidneys, 203, 262 ; effect of alcohol 



on, 203 ; hygiene of, 205 

 Knowledge and control, 505 

 Kropotkin, Peter, 435 



Lac, insect, 413 



Ladybug (ladybird) beetle, 414, 422 



Lamarckian theory, 471-472 



Lancelet, development of, 274, 276 



Language, human, 501 



Langworthy on daily food consump- 

 tion, 101 



Lateral line, 238, 239 



Laveran, Alphonse, 404 



Layering, 48 



Lazear, Dr. Jesse W., 407, 408 



Leaf, 70-72, 300; and elimination of 

 refuse, 261 ; fall of a, 374, 375; gas 

 exchange in, 144; and light, 73; 

 uses of, 74 



Legume family, 62 



Legumin, 51 



Leisure, 513, 514 



Lenticels, 71, 145 



Lice, 410 



Lichens, 480 



Life, without air, 143; and the 

 environment, 336 ; length of, 507 ; 

 origin of, 19; salts and, 338; and 

 temperature, 337 ; unity of, 260 



Light, eyes and, 229 ; in food-making, 

 39' 54' 73 ff- influence on growth 

 of plant, 38, 39 ; and life, 338 ; and 

 pigmentation, 352, 362 ; and tan, 



35 2 



Light tropisms, 230 



Linnaeus, 488 



Liver, 85, 86 



Liverworts, 481 



Living bodies, characteristics of, 15 



Living forms, multiplicity of, 260 



Lizard, green, 363 ; regeneration in, 

 270 



Lobster, appendages of, 365 ; breath- 

 ing in, 146; feeding of young, 332 



Localizations, of brain functions, 498 ; 

 of functions in cerebrum, 499 



Locomotion, 364 



Locusts, 417 



Lungs, 147, 148 ff., 183; capacity of, 

 151-152 ; hygiene of, 151 ff. 



Lymph, 180, 262 ; coordination 

 through, 434 



Machine, 14, 17 ; and organisms, 17, 20 

 Malaria, 294, 404, 506 

 Malaria parasite, 326, 341, 405 

 Male and female, 299 

 Malt, 78, 133 

 Mammalia, 486 



