INDEX 



523 



Mammals, 492 ; egg of, 330 ; grow- 

 ing period of, 335 ; hairs of, 349 ; 

 infancy among, 334 



Man, ancestors of, 493; evolution 

 and, 494 ff. ; handicaps of, 502 ; 

 mastery of environment by, 502- 

 504 ; as organism, 490, 502 ; and 

 other primates, 491, 492; place in 

 the world, 490 ff., 512; primitive, 

 500 ; relation to other organisms, 6 ; 

 relics of, in Stone Age, 500 ; senses 

 of, 502 



Manson, Sir Patrick, 404, 406 



Mantle of mollusks, 346 



Manure, 60, 66 ; and flies, 399, 402 



Marriages, productive of undesirable 

 offspring, 456 ; regulation of, 394 



Marsupials, 335, 486 



Matter, composition of, 9 ; conserva- 

 tion of, 8 ; kinds of, 9 ; states of, 7 



Meals, number and frequency, 115-116 



Meal-worm, 414, 416 



Meat in diet, 105-107 



Medicine (see Drugs) ; as source of 

 alcohol habit, 137, 139 



Mendel, Gregor, 443, 446, 448, 449, 

 461 ; law of segregation, 446. See 

 also Frontispiece 



Mental state and digestion, 114 



Metamorphosis, 283 



Metchnikoff, filie, 182 



Microbes, 67 (see also Bacteria) ; de- 

 stroyed by cooking, 112 



Micropyle, 32, 303 



Migration, 365 ; of birds, 366, 425, 

 426; of fish, 367 



Milk, care of, 391 ; food value of, 97, 

 104; preservatives in, 125; regu- 

 lations in regard to, 126, 390 



Milk standards, 127 



Milt, 327 



Mimicry, 356, 357, 358 



Minerals, in food, 52, 108, 112, 202; 

 in manufacture of proteins, 56; in 

 plants, 30 ; in soil, needed by organ- 

 isms, 66 



Missing link, 494, 496 



Mixed types, 440 



Modifications, by surroundings, 439 ; 

 transmission of, 461, 492, 504 

 (see also Frontispiece) 



Moisture, and hair formation, 349 ; 

 and ventilation, 155, 173 



Mold, reproduction in green, 292 



Mollusca, 346, 374, 484 



Mollusks, 289 



Molting in cicada, 280 



Mongolian races, 489 



Monocotyledons (monocotyls), 34, 481 



Monoecious, plants, 306 



Morphin, 199, 256 



Mortality, reduction of infant, in New 



York City, 393 

 Mortality rates, in various countries, 



507 ; for various diseases, 389 

 Morula, 276 

 Mosquito, extermination of, 409 ; 



fighting against, 408, 409 ; life his- 

 ories of, 406 

 Moss, alternation of generations, 32 1 ; 



antheridium of, 320; archegonia of, 



320; infancy in, 331; life history 



of a, 320 ; spore formation, 293 

 Moth, brown-tail, 420; buffalo, 415, 



416; clothes, 412, 414; codling, 



419, 421; flour, 415, 416; gypsy, 



419, 420, 422; silk, 413 

 Mouth, digestion in, 81-82; watering 



of, no, 217, 227 

 Mouth-breathing, 150, 151, 173 

 Movements, in organisms, 18, 24, 217, 



223 (see also Muscles) ; in plants, 



361 ; voluntary, 498 

 Mucin, 82, 121 

 Mulch, 379 

 Muscles, 218, 228; kinds (voluntary 



and involuntary), 218, 219 ; reflexes 



dependent upon, 218 

 Mutants, 462 

 Mutation, 461, 462, 473 

 Mutilation, 269 

 Myosin, 51 



Narcotic, 131, 132 



National forests, 385 



Natural selection, 472, 473-474 



Nature, man's conquest of, 504 



Navigation and forests, 379, 381 



Neanderthal man, 493, 495, 496 



Nectar, 309, 310 



Negroid races, 489 



Nerves, 218 ff., 267, 497 ; development 

 of, 246 ; effects of smoking on, 1 64 ; 

 kinds of, 221, 222; and the reac- 

 tions of organisms, 217 ff. ; and re- 

 flexes, 218 



Nervous system, 487 ; chemical influ- 

 ences, 289 ; chemical injury to, 253 ; 

 coordination through, 434 ; correla- 

 tion with other systems, 263 



