144 Genus Ixodes 



Cynorhaestes reduvius Hermann, 1804, p. 65. 

 Cynorhaestes ricinus Hermann, 1804, p. 66. 

 Ixodes megathyreus Leach, 1815, XI, p. 398. 

 Ixodes bipunctatus Risso, 1826, v, p. 183. 

 Cynorhaestes hermanni Risso, 1826, v, p. 183. 

 Cynorhaestes megathyreus (Leach) Risso, 1826. 

 Crotonus ricinus Dumeril, 1829, liv, p. 401. 

 Ixodes trabeatus Audouin, 1832, xxv, p. 420 ( $ ). 

 Ixodes plumbeus Duges, 1834, i (2), p. 20. 



not Ixodes plumbeus Duges, 1834 c, PI. VII, Figs. 7-12 ( = Rhipicephalus sp.). 

 Ixodes reduvius Hahn, 1834, n, p. 62. 

 Ixodes fiiscus Koch, 1835, Heft xxxvu. 



Ixodes lacertae Koch, 1835, Heft xxxix ; 1844, p. 234, larvae and nymphs, fide 

 Canestrini, 1890, p. 497. 



Ixodes rufus Koch f Koch ' 1835 > Heft v > No " H > Heft xxxvn - No - 8 '> 1844 > 

 Ixodes mlcalus Koch J P- 232 i 1847 ' P- * l i The ^^ examined bv Neumann 

 Ixodes sciuri Koch I ( 1901 > PP- 281-289) proved to be I. ricinus nymphs, all 



^ collected in Germany. 

 Ixodes reduvius Linn., in Koch, 1835, Heft v, No. 11. 

 Ixodes pustularum Lucas, 1866, vi ; Bull., p. lvii. 

 Ixodes fodieiis Murray, 1877, p. 191. As synonym in Neumann, 1899, p. 122. 



Neumann, 1904, p. 45, rightly states that this name is Murray's, not 



Megnin's, as stated by Murray, 1877, and quoted from the latter by 



Salmon and Stiles, 1901, p. 465. 

 Ixodes ovatus Neumann, 1899, p. 116; in part, see Neumann, 1904, p. 452, 



where he states the lot of ovatus was subsequently found to comprise 



ricinvs. — Donitz, 1905, p. 132. 

 Ixodes ovatus Neumann, 1899, as modified by Neumann, 1904, p. 4b2 = Ixodes 



ricinus var. ovatus (Neumann) Nuttall and Warburton, 1911. 

 Ixodes reduvius (Linnaeus) in Railliet, 1895, p. 706; Neumann, 1899, p. 112, 



and many subsequent writers. 



In N. Tyne Valley, where they occur commonly on sheep, they are 



locally known as "face ticks," since they are found in this situation on 



sheep (Wheler, 1899). 



Styled the "Castor-bean tick" by Salmon and Stiles, 1901, p. 463, and 



several subsequent authors. The castor-bean is however much more like a 



gorged Amblyomma $?• (See footnote, p. 143.) 



The synonymy of this species might be extended almost indefinitely. We 

 confine ourselves, however, to the names concerning which little doubt can be 

 entertained. 



Iconography: De Geer, 1778, PL V (Ac. ricinoides), Figs. 16-19, ? dorsum, part 

 of capitulum, tarsus ; PL VI (Ac. reduvius), Figs. 1-8, ? dorsum, spiracle 

 (recognized as such), capitulum, tarsus, £ and 5 in copula (recognized as 

 coitus), <£ dorsum, capitulum. Excellent, considering the date ; better than 

 some figures printed a hundred years later. — Audouin, 1832, PL XIV, Figs. 

 3a-n (trabeatus).— Duges, 1834, PL VII, Figs. 7-12 (plumbeus).— Hahn, 1834, 



