146 Genus Ixodes 



7 text-figs, (spermatogenesis). — Braun and Liihe, 1910, Figs. 89, 90. Original, 

 (J venter and $ capitulum in ventral aspect. Good representations after 

 drawings by A. Dampf. 

 Literature : 1710. Ray, p. 10 (Ricinus caninus). — 1746. Linnaeus, p. 480 (Acarus 

 ricinus). — 1758. Linnaeus, p. 615 (Acarus ricinus, not Ac. reduvius ; latter 

 confused with Melophagus ovinus). — 1778. de Geer, pp. 98, 101 (Acarus 

 ricinoides, Ac. reduvius ; mechanism of bite described, coitus, etc.). — 1804. 

 Hermann, pp. 65, 67 (Cynorhoestes reduvius and C. ricinus): Latreille, p. 51 

 (/. reduvius); p. 156 (/. ricinus) 1 . — 1805. Fabricius, p. 351 (/. ricinus). — 

 1807. Chabrier, p. 366 ; Illiger 2 , p. 370.— 1815. Leach, p. 398 (/. megathyreus 

 on hedgehogs and dogs) ; p. 397 (/. ricinus on dogs). — 1817. Mtiller 2 , p. 278 

 (/. ricinus). — 1826. von Heyden, p. 610 ; Risso, p. 183 (/. bipunctatus, 

 Cyn. hermanni, Cyn. megathyreus (Leach)). — 1829. Dumeril, p. 401 (Crotonus 

 ricinus) ; von Heyden, p. 288. — 1831. Treviranus, p. 191. — 1832. Audouin, 

 p. 420 (/. trabeatus).— 1834. Hahn, p. 62, O 3 ; Duges, p. 20 (/. plumbeus).— 

 1835-44. Koch, Heft 37, No. 5 (<J) ; H. 5, No. 11 ; H. 37, No. 8 (/. sciuri); 

 No. 3 (/. fuscus on deer); No. 7 (/. rufus, $, on deer); No. 11 (/. lacertae, 

 o on Lacerta agilis, Munich). — 1837. Burmcister, p. 579 (/. marginatum). — 

 1844. Walckenaer and Gervais, p. 236 ; Gend, pp. 1 et sea., a very valuable 

 contribution to the biology and structure of ricinus ; the first author to describe 

 oviposition in ticks. — 1847. Koch, p. 21 (/. sciuri and /. fuscus) ; p. 20 (/. 

 ricinus) ; p. 22 (/. lacertae). — 1850. von Siebold, p. 546, passages quoted by 

 Leydig, 1855, p. 468 and Heller, 1858, p. 311 re spermatozoa. Also cited by 

 Samson, 1909, p. 216. — 1855. Kiichenmeister, p. 422 (mere cited description 

 of $ /. ricinus).— 1857. Kolenati, p. 24.— 1858. Milner 2 , pp. 6, 13.— 1859. 

 Gervais and van Beneden, p. 411. — 1861. Moquin-Tandon, p. 302. Pagen- 

 stecher, pp. 1-38, important regarding structure and biology ; figs, often 

 reproduced since, thus : Claus, 1887, p. 470, anatomy of body, and Braun, 

 1906, p. 364, etc.— 1863. Gerstaecker 2 , p. 344.— 1864. Cox, p. 82 (on dogs 

 and ferrets, but may have been hexagonus). — 1866. Lucas, p. lvii (/. 

 pustularum).— 1867. Megnin, p. 107.-1869. Packard 2 , p. 613.— 1870. Verrill 2 , 

 p. 118.— 1876. Wagner, p. 129, O.— 1877. Murray, p. 191 (/. fodiens); 

 Canestrini and Fanzago, pp. 110, 180 ; Conil, p. 26. — 1877. Murray, pp. 190, 

 193 (/. fodiens, vide synonymy); quotes Lucas, 1866, and Megnin, 1867. — 

 1878. Conil 2 , p. 100.— 1879. Cobbold, pp. 267, 350.— 1880. Haller, p. 38 ; 

 Megnin, p. 127 ; Oudemans, p. xvii ; Taschenberg, p. 151, O. — 1881. Bertkau, 

 p. 145 (copulation and oviposition) ; Haller, (a), p. 165. — 1882. Haller, p. 309. 

 — 1883. Braun, pp. 211 et seq.; van Beneden, p. 142, ? ricinus, penetrating 

 beneath the skin in man ; thinks ticks do so normally ! — 1885. Johannessen, 

 p. 401 (effects of bite on man).— 1886. Railliet, p. 497. Aurivillius, (a), p. 105, 

 3 figures of $ (poor) ; (b), p. 139, same paper as preceding ; tick beneath the 

 skin of a fox. Ludwig, p. 612. — 1888. Neumann, p. 90 ; Berlese, fasc. xlix, 

 n. 6; Winkler, p. 113 (anatomy). — 1889. Berlese, figures. — 1890. Canestrini, 

 pp. 474 et seq. ; Blanchard, pp. 324 et seq.— 1891. Blanchard, p. 689 (penetration 



1 Most authors after this date refer to the species as either ricinus or reduvius. 



- Cited in bibliography by Salmon and Stiles, 1901, unimportant. 



3 The sign O denotes that the publication referred to contains nothing worth noting. 



