/. ricinus 147 



beneath human skin, excision of a $ ricinus) ; Batelli, pp. 78 et seq. (physiology 

 of digestion). — 1892. Neumann, p. 95 ; Megnin, p. 32 ; Efisio 1 , p. 256 ; Janson 

 and Tokishige 1 , p. 349.— 1894. Mosler and Peiper, p. 320 ; Dolly 1 , p. 1000.— 

 1895. Braun, p. 257 ; Neumann, in Railliet, p. 707 (figs.) ; Railliet, p. 706 ; 

 Megnin, p. 364 ; poor description and worse figures. — 1896. Osborn, p. 262, 

 brief mention; Oudemans, p. 191; Schneidemuhl, p. 339; Dubreuilh and 

 Beille, p. 69, O.— 1897. Wood and Fitz 1 , p. 346.— 1898. Niles 1 , pp. 29, 45 ; 

 Weichselbaum, p. 325. — 1899. Morgan, p. 129, O ; Neumann, p. 116 (/. ovatus 

 in part), p. 112 (/. reduvius) ; Wheler, pp. 38, 49 (biology and structure) ; 

 Mosso 1 , p. 20; Nuttall, 1899, p. 42, cites Dubreuilh, 1838, Despres, 1867, 

 and others re effects of bite. — 1900. Kossel and Weber, relation to redwater 

 in Finland. Ward, {a), p. 203 ; (b), p. 436. Lewis, p. 383 (copulation observed 

 and figured). — 1901. Salmon and Stiles, p. 262 (translation of Neumann) ; 

 Neumann, p. 281 ; Lewis, p. 154 (mouth-parts) ; Perroncito, p. 562 (effects of 

 bite). — 1902. Kossel, pp. 853 et seq., relation to redwater in Finland and 

 Germany ; Wheler, pp. 1-20, biology and structure. — 1903. Kossel, Schiitz, 

 Weber and Miessner, pp. 39-50, relation to redwater, structure and biology. — 

 1904. Megnin, p. 569. — 1905. Nordenskiold, p. 485, figs, (excellent work upon 

 the histology) ; Louping 111 and Braxy Committee's Report, pp. 21 et seq., O. 

 Mohler, 1905, p. 14, O.— 1906. Wheler, p. 411 ; Vassal, p. 285, also Martin, 

 p. 105 (experiments with trypanosome infection : negative) ; Braun, p. 364. — 

 1907. DSnitz, p. 90 ; Pocock, p. 201 (cites Wheler, 1902).— 1908. Nuttall 

 (figures illustrating a lecture, reproduced here) ; Banks, p. 24, O ; Bonnet, 

 p. 254, O; Galli-Valerio, p. 611, biology; Nordenskiold, p. 637, histology, 

 important ; Stockman (reprint, relation to redwater). — 1909. Samson, (a), 

 pp. 185-236 ; (b), pp. 486-499 (see under Iconography, Nordenskiold, (a), 

 p. 511 (spermatogenesis) ; (6), p. 30 (development) ; (c), p. 449 (anatomy 

 and histology, important)). Blanchard, p. 91. Ashworth, p. 133. — 1910. Braun 

 and Ltihe, p. 178, O ; Samson, pp. 1 et seq., dissertation, anatomy and biology. 



Male (PI. IV, Text-figs. 115, 139-142) : average L. 245, W. 1-33 mm. 2 . 

 Body dark red-brown, narrow in front, broadly rounded behind, very 



1 Cited in bibliography by Salmon and Stiles, 1901, unimportant. 



2 Note regarding measurements : The size of different specimens may vary, thus 6 S s, 

 comprised in two lots collected in England (N. 933, 934), measured in mm. — 



Scutum 



Length, including Body ,. * s 



capitulum width length width 



f 2-6 13 1-85 1-1 



Lot 933 \ 2-5 1-4 20 1-2 



(2-3 1-35 1-75 1-1 



Lot 934 



2-5 1-4 1-9 1-1 



2-4 1-3 1-8 10 



22 1-2 1-6 0-95 



Wheler (xn. 1899), who has made numerous measurements, states that the length 

 varies from 2-35 to 2-8 mm. Neumann (1899, p. 113) gives the size at 2-5 x 1-5 mm. 

 The size of the unfed ? is given at 2-85 x 3*25 mm., and that of the gorged ? at 



