\\l MM I, I, IS — BRUNSVKilA— BRUNSDO.WA. 



35 



well separated but the hybrid curves very close together, 

 as in the cupric-chloride reactions. (See following 



section. ) 



Amaryllis in some reactions shows a higher reactivity 

 than Brunsvigia, in others the reverse, and in others no 

 essential difference. There is higher reactivity of 

 Amaryllis with chloral hydrate, potass una sulphide, o 

 dium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, 'Milium nitrate. 

 uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper 

 nitrate, and cupric chloride; but a lower rea tivitj with 

 chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, sodium sulphide, barium 

 chloride, and mercuric chloride. No essential diffen ni 

 are noted in the reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric 

 acid, hydro acid, potassium hydroxide, and potas 



sium iodide, because of the great rapidity of the reac 

 tions, while in the potassium-sulphocyanate reactions 

 an important difference is noted only at the end of the 

 5-minute period. 



t lomparing the parental and hybrid curves (eliminat- 

 ing reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, and potassium hydroxide 1 ause of their 



high rapidity obscuring differences), it will be observed 

 that the curves tend to be grouped in couples corre- 



sp 1 1 r i u r to parents and hybrids, each couple taking its 



own course, which may be similar or dissimilar to the 

 course of the other couple; that the parental curves are 

 lower than those of the hybrids in the reaction with 

 chloral hydrate; that the parental curves are higher than 

 those of the hybrids in the reactions with pyrogallic acid, 

 potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hy- 

 droxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium ni- 

 trate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, ba 

 rium chloride, and mercuric chloride ; anil that the paren- 

 tal curves tend to be intermediate, or approximately so, 

 in those with potassium sulphide, sodium salicylate, and 

 strontium nitrate. Tn the chromic acid reactions all four 

 curves run very close together, the only notable differeni e 

 being seen at the end of 5 minutes, at which lime the 

 parental curves are higher than the hybrid curves, very 

 soon after which the hybrid curves fend to intermediati - 

 ness. The most remarkable feature of these curves, as a 

 whole, is seen in mosi of the reactions in the more or less 

 markedly lower degree of reactivity of the hybrids than 

 of the parents. 



The curves of the hybrids tend, as a rule, to keep 

 close together, there being a well-marked inclination to 

 separation in only the reactions with sodium hydroxide, 

 sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, and 

 copper nitrate. Tn reactions of the hybrids with nitric 

 acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and potassium 

 hydroxide, gelatinization occurs so rapidly that no satis 

 factory differentiation can he made; hut in the reactions 

 with chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, potassium sulpho- 

 cyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, -odium 

 salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt ni- 

 trate, and copper nitrate the curves of Brunsdonna son- 

 derm alha are lower than those of the other hybrid : and 

 they are practically the same in the i with 



chromic acid, pyrosallic acid, strontium nitrate, cupric 

 chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



A marked early period of resistance that is followed 

 by a moderate to rapid reaction is observed in these four 



starches in comparatively few instances. In some it is 

 observed in all four starches, as in tin- chloral-hydrate 



■ ii- . in other,, m one. two, or thn 

 may l>e. a- in the reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic 

 acid, potassium iodide, and sodium hydroxide. In a 

 number of th is either a verj rapid n a 



occurs at once, particularly with I 



Mini hydroxide, and potassium sulph 

 -low reaction, as with barium chloride and mercuric 

 chloride. Both types of reaction maj it, a- with 



potassium sulphocyanate; in other instani • may 



he vat rn these 



I ' | i cui 



The courses of the curves are i al with any 



two reagents (excepting in the case of nitric 

 phuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and potassium i.ydrox- 

 ide, in which it is shown that the i r too 



quickly for any or at [easl an entirely satisfactory dif- 

 ferentiation ), ch reagei 

 tions the -tamp of individuality. While i' 

 some of the charts the curves at first 

 convey the impression of .dose similarity, as in the reac- 

 tions with sodium sulphide, uranium nitrate, copper ni- 

 trate, and cupric ch!-! idi . ■ - en a superficial examination 

 will show well-defined differences. The pan □ 

 are very nearly alike in their course, but with the im- 

 portant exception that in the sodium-8ulp tions 

 the Amaryllis curve i- the lower, while in tl 

 reactions it is the higher — a strikin The 

 hybrid curves in the four reaction- do not corres 

 in their courses with the peculiarity parental 

 curves, and in no two arc they identical. The curve 

 of Brunsdonna always the lowest, and 

 in cun e- of I'M hybrids show a d ; mutative 

 onship to the parental curves in so far as when the 

 parental curves are lower the hybrid curves are 1 

 While the parental curves tend to run clo jether 

 the two hybrid curves exhibit some ih - independ- 

 ence, not only of the parents hut also of each other. 



The earliest period during the 60 minutes at which 

 the curves arc best separated for differential purposes is 

 variable with the different reagents, and in some in- 

 time can he stated, o« reme 

 rapidity of the reaction-, while in other in -tate- 

 ments must he made with reserve. Approximately, this 

 period is noted at the end of 3 minutes in the potassium- 

 sulphide reactions; d of 5 minutes in the reac- 

 tions with chromic acid, potassium iodide, potassium 

 sulpho sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, 

 strontium nitrate, and cupric chloride; at the end of 

 15 minutes in l ons with chloral hydrate, sodium 

 sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, and copper 

 nitrate; at the end of :>n minui - with 

 pyrogallic acid; and at the end of 60 minutes i 



ions with calcium nitrate, barium chloride, and 



Reaction-intensities or the Htbbj 



This section treats of die faction-intensities of the 

 hybrid nediateness 



and deficit in relation to those of the parents. (Table 

 \ i -el Charts D 1 toD21.) 



The reactivities of Brunsdonna sit 

 ent in rea 



