15 



HISTOLOGIC PKOPEKTIES AND REACTIONS. 



strontium nitrate ; the same as those of the pollen parent 

 in none; the same as those of both parents in the reac- 

 ■ I--III1H , cobalt nitrate, copper 



nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric 

 chlori mediate with polarization, iodine, gentian 



violet, tempera Loral hydrate, chromic acid, nitric 



acid, sulph I, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydrox- 



ide, and sodium salicylate (in four being closer to the 

 en mid intermediate) ; highest in 

 ; and the lowest with safranin, in which it is as close 

 to one as to the other parent. 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties: Sami a eed parent, 8; same as pollen parent, 0; 

 same as both parents, 6; intermediate, 11; highest, 0; 



lowest, 1. 



'The stronger influences of the seed parent on the 



of the starch of the hybrid are very marked. 



fntermediateness is quite common. In no reaction is 



there sameness in relation to the pollen parent or the 



ictii ii\ of the three starches, and in only one 



reaction is the hybrid the lowest. 



( 'o.MVOSITE-CURVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. 



This section deals with the composite-curves of the 

 hi intensities, shoving the differentiation of the 

 of Hcemanihus hatherince, II. magnificus, and 

 II. andromeda. (Chart E 5.) 



The most conspicuous features of the chart may be 

 summed uii as follows: 



( l ) The moderate to very low, generally very low, 

 positions of the curves with few exceptions, the only 

 important members of the latter group being the polar- 

 ization and sodium-salicylate reactions, thus showing 

 that these starches exhibit generally a high to very high 

 resistance. 



(2) The contiguity of all three curves throughout 

 the chart and the unity of type of curve, indicating a 

 botanical relationship of the parents and no ten- 

 dency for departure of hybrid characteristics from those 

 of the parents. 



i The highest position of the curve of //. mag 

 throu fhout the (hart, excepting in the reactions 

 with gentian violet, safranin, chloral hydrate, chromic 

 acid, and sodium salicylate — in the safranin and chromic 

 arid the curves are the same or practically the same as 

 thoso of //. kallieriitir, and with chloral hydrate and 

 sodium salicylate distinctly lower, they being the lowesl 

 of all three curves. The inversion of the positions of the 

 If. magnificus and //. hatherince curves in the gentian 

 violet, chloral hydrate, and sodium salicylate reactions 

 is most interesting and significant. 



(4) In the curve of //. lcatherma the very high 

 reaction with sodium salicylate; the high with polari- 

 zation, gentian violet, and safranin; the moderate with 

 iodine, chromic acid, and sulphuric acid; the low with 

 chloral hydrate; the very low with temperature, pyro- 

 gallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hy- 



It'll-, potassium sulphocyanate, po- 



im sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 

 calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, 

 copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and 

 mercuric chloride. 



(5) In the curve of //. magnificus the very high 

 polarization reaction; the high reactions with safranin, 

 sulphuric acid, and sodium salicylate; the moderate with 

 iodine, gentian violet, and chromic acid; the low with 

 temperature, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and hydro- 

 chloric acid ; the very low with chloral hydrate, potassium 



xide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, 

 potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 



calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, co- 

 balt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium 

 chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



(6) In the curve of the hybrid //. andromeda, the 

 very high reactions with polarization and sodium sali- 

 cylate ; the absence of high reactions; the moderate with 

 iodine, gentian violet, safranin, chromic acid, and sul- 

 phuric acid, the low with temperature; and the very low 

 with chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, po- 

 tassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hy- 

 droxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium 

 nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, 

 cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. 

 The following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: 



6. Comparisons of the Starches of ELemanthus 

 katiikkix.k, ii. ptjniceus, and ii. konig albert. 



In histologic characteristics, polariscopie figures, in 

 the reactions with selenite and with iodine, and in the 

 qualitative reactions with the various chemical reagents 

 it will be noted that the parents exhibit properties in 

 common in varying degrees of development and indi- 

 vidualities by which collectively they can be differen- 

 tiated. The most conspicuous differences in the starch 

 of //. puniceus in comparison with that of Hcemanthus 

 katherince are to be seen in the well-marked depressions 

 (sometimes slightly concave) which are not present in 

 the latter starch, less frequent rounded protuberances, 

 less frequent secondary lamella 1 , peculiar arrangements 

 of the components of aggregates, and much more flatten- 

 ing of the grains. The hilum is more often demonstrable 

 and is, on the whole, less eccentric; the primary lamellae 

 vary somewhat, in general characters from those of //. 

 leathering, and they are somewhat more numerous, but 

 secondary lamellae are less numerous: and while the sizes 

 are much alike there is a manifest, tendency for a rela- 

 tively greater breadth in proportion to length. In polari- 

 scopie figure, selenite reactions, and qualitative reac- 

 tions with iodine there are some minor differencs. In 

 the qualitative reactions with the chemical reagents 

 there are similarities and individualities. The starch of 

 the hybrid //. Jconig albert, is in form, character, and 

 eccentricity of the hilum, lamella', and size more closely 

 related tn //. puniceus than to the other parent. In the 

 polariscopie figures and reactions with selenite it is 

 closer to If. puniceus, but in both qualitative and quan- 

 titative reactions with iodine it. is closer to //. kaiherinas. 

 In the qualitative chemical reactions with chloral hy- 

 drate, nitric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulpho- 

 cyanate, potassium sulphide, and sodium salicylate it is 

 closer, generally much closer, to //. Irnl hrrimr. 



Reaction intensities Expressed by Light, Color, «»</ Tempera- 

 ture Reactions. 



Polarization: 



H. kathcrinre, high to very high, value 75. 



H. puniceus, high to very high, slightly higher than II. katheriziffi, 

 value 7s. 



H. konig albert, high to very high, slightly higher than H. puni- 

 ceus, value SO. 

 Iodine: 



H. katherinse, moderate to light, value 45. 



H. puniceus. moderate to light, lighter than in H. katherinse, 

 value 40. 



H. konig albert, moderate to light, not so deep as in H. katherinse, 

 but deeper than in II. puniceus, value 43. 



