GLADIOLUS. 



115 



termediate in the polarization, gentian violet, and temp 

 crat urc reactions ; lowest in the iodine reaction ; and the 

 same as thai of G. cardinalis but higher than thai of 



G. tristis in the safranin read The hybrid is on the 



whole distinctly closer to 0. cardinalis than to <!. tristis. 

 Table A. 34 Bhows the reaction-intensities in percent 

 ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals 

 (minutes ). 



\'i 'i.im mui: action Curves. 



This section treats of the velocity-reaction curvi 



the starches of Gladiolus cardinalis, (1. tristis, and G. 

 colvillei, showing the quantitative differences in the bi 

 havior toward different reagents at definite time-inter- 

 vals. (Charts D 163 to D 183.) 



Among the conspicuous features of these charts are: 



(1) The higher reactivity of G. tristis in relation to 

 the other parent and the hybrid throughout. 



(?) The differences recorded between the reactions 

 of the starches of the two parents with the various rea- 

 gents, the curves varying very markedly in the extent of 

 separation. Thus, the curves are very close throughout 

 the whole or nearly the whole 60-minute period in the 

 reactions with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, sulphuric 

 acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphide, sodium 

 salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt ni- 

 trate-, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, 

 and mercuric chloride; they are well separated to widely 

 separated in those with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, 

 hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocya 

 Date, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and strontium 

 nitrate. 



(:i) The almost universal tendency tor the curve of 

 (!. cardinalis to be closer to tbe curve of the hybrid than 

 to G. tristis. In only the reactions with chloral hy- 

 drate, sulphuric acid, potassium hydroxide, and sodium 

 salicylate is the curve of G. cardinalis definitely closer 

 to that of G. tristis. In the potassium-sulphide 

 tions gelatinization proceeded so slowly that such differ- 

 ences as were recorded fall within the limits of error of 

 experiment. In the experiments with calcium nitrate, 

 strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride 

 the <!. cardinalis curve is practically intermediate. 



(4) The curves of the hybrid bear varying relations 

 to the parental curves, with a manifest tendency to 



ness to the curves of G. cardinalis. and to intermediate- 

 ness and to the lowest position, and almost invariably 

 definitely toward the seed parent. 



(5) An early period of resistance followed by a mod- 

 erate to rapid gelatinization is noted in the chromic 

 acid chart. In other charts the corresponding period i 

 one of comparatively rapid gelatinization, as in the reac 

 tions with chloral hydrate, sulphuric acid, sodium sali- 

 cylate, while in others gelatinization proceeds with 

 marked slowness, yet steadily from the out-tart, as 



inced particularly in the reactions with potassium 

 sulphide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and in 

 very slow reactions. There are some gradations be- 

 tween these sets. 



(6) Tbe earliest period of tbe 60 minutes at which 

 the three curves arc best separated for differential pur- 

 poses varies with the different reagents, and in some 

 instances owing to the extremely slow reaction- satis 

 factory differentiation is impossible. Approximately 

 this period occurs at the end of 5 minutes in the reac- 



with chloral hydrate, sulphuric acid, and - 

 salicylate; at !•'> minutes with chromic acid, pyri 

 acid, hydrochloric acid, and potassium sulphocyanate ; at 

 30 minutes with strontium nitrate; and at 60 minutes 

 with nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium i 

 potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 



calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, © 

 nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and men 

 chloride. I n a number of the i latter 



groups the differences arc trivial and within the limits 

 ii riment. 



REAI CION-INTEN8ITIES "I Till. HYBRID. 



This section sities of the 



hybrids re ards sameness, intermedial .and 



■ in relation to the parent . | Table A •'! I and 



Charts I) 163 to I) I 



The reactivit e hybrid as those 



of the pollen parent in none of the reactions ; the same as 

 of the seed parent in the n '.ith safranin, 



chromic acid, nitric acid, uranium nitrate, cupric chlo- 

 ride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride: the Same 

 as those of both parents in that with cobal 

 "lien in ll latinization is extremely slow; interme- 

 diate in those with polarization, gentian violet, tempera- 

 ture, ami \<\ rogallic acid (in all four being closer to the 

 seed parent); highest in none: and lowest with iodine, 

 chloral hydrate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potas- 

 sium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphi 

 nate, potassium sulphide. Bodium hydroxide, sodium sul- 

 phide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, strontium ni- 

 trate, and copper nitrate (in 12 being closer to the seed 

 parent, and in 2 as close to one as to the other parent). 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties: Same as seed parent, T: same as pollen parent, 0; 

 same as both parent-. 1; intermediate, !; highest, 0; 



lowest, II. 



The most striking features of the foregoing data are 

 the absence of a single reaction in which there was same- 

 ness or even inclination more to the pollen than to the 

 ^■i'i\ parent; the slight tendency to intermediate] 

 and the very strongly marked tendency I'm' the eurvi 

 the hybrid to he below those of the parents. 



Composite Curves of the Reaction-intensities. 



This section treats of the composite curves ,,f the 

 reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Gladiolus cardinalis, G. tristis, and G. col- 

 li!) lei. (Chart E 34.) 



The most conspicuous feature- of tin- chart arc: 

 ( 1) The varying relationship the curve of G. tristis 

 bears to the curve of the other parent, sometimes above, 

 below, or the same or practically tbe same. It is above 

 in the reactions with temperature, chloral hydrate, pyro- 

 gallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium 

 hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, 

 sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, 

 calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, and 

 copper nitrate; below with polarization, gentian violet, 

 and safranin; and the same or practically the same with 

 iodine, chromic acid, sulphuric a -mm sulphide, 



cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and 

 mercuric chloride. Tbe other parent, G. cardinalis, is 

 higher in only the polarization, gentian-violet, and safra- 

 nin reactions. 



(2) The varying degrees of separation of the pa- 

 rental curves, tl ' marked separation being noted 

 in tic ns witli polarization, temperature. pyro- 

 gallic acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, 

 sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and strontium 

 nitrate 



(3) The marked tendi ncy for the curve of tbe hy- 

 brid to be closer to lie- curve of G. cardinalis than to the 

 other i>;i ri I to be lowest of the thri 



(4) In ./. tristis the very high reactions with sul- 

 phuric acid: the high reactions with polarization, iodine, 

 and sodium salicylate ; the moderate with gentian violet, 



