120 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 



are chromic acid, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride 

 in 15 minutes, pyrogallic acid in 30 minutes, and coball 

 nitrate in 15 minutes. 



I [ON-IN 1 ENS! CIES OF THE II YBKID. 



'1'his section treats of the reaction-intensities of the 

 hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, 

 and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 36 and 

 Chan- D515 to D 526.) 



The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those 

 of the seed paivnt in the reactions with iodine, gentian 

 violet, Bafranin, temperature, nitric acid, hydrochloric 

 . potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, and 

 potassium .sulphide; the same as those of the pollen 

 mi in a,, ne ; the ame as those of both parents in 

 actions with sulphuric acid and potassium hydrox- 

 ide; intermediate with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, 

 pyrogallic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, so- 

 dium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, stron- 

 i nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cuprie 

 chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride (in all 

 14 being nearer the seed parent) ; highest in none; and 

 lowest in the polarization reaction, in which it is as close 

 to one as to the other parent. 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties: Same as -ceil parent, !»; same as pollen parent, 0; 

 parents 2; intermediate, II; highest, 0; 

 lowest, 1. 



Sameness as the seed parent and intermediaten 

 with a universal inclination to the seed parent are very 

 pii nous feat ores of these data. In the two reactions 

 wherein all three starches are the same the reactions 

 red with such rapidity as not to permit of differen- 

 tiation, and in the polarization reaction in which the 

 hybrid -hows the lowest reactivity of the three and is as 

 related to one as to the other parent the crudity 

 of the method of valuation of the reaction has not brought 

 out differences that probably exist. The properties of 

 tarch seem to have been determined primarily by 

 id parent, the effect of the other parent being 

 expressed in the lowering of reactive-intensities, varying 

 in degree in the different reactions, hut never so far as to 

 the point of rnid-intermediatencr--. 



Composite Cueves ok the Keaction-intexsities. 



This section treats of the composite curves of the 

 tion-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 hes of Begonia single crimson scarlet, /»'. socolrana, 

 and /;. mrs. heal. (Chart E :iti.) 



-pinions features of this chart are: 

 (l) The generally close accord of the curves of /;. 

 single crimson scarlet and the hybrid and the extraordi- 

 narily erratic course of the curve of /;. socolrana through- 

 out si of the chart. The hybrid, which is a tuberous 



form, follows . ly, as a rule, the reactivities of the 



first parent, which is also tuberous, while the other 

 parent, which is seinit uberous (bulbils), has a very differ- 

 ed type of curve — far more different from that of the 



Other parent than wa8 recorded in the curves uf tie 



tendeT and hardy crinums and the rhizomatous and 

 tuberous irises. 



i -.» I The curve of /;. singl arlet is higher 



than the curve id /.*. socotrana throughout the chart (e\- 

 ii the reactions with polaj i al ion, sulphurii ai id 



and potassium hydroxide, in which they are alike), and 

 in most instances it tends to be very much higher, the 

 ,,ul\ reactions in which there is marked approximation 

 being those with chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, and 

 sodium salicylate. 



(3) In B. single crimson scarlet the very high reac- 

 tion with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, nitric acid, 

 sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydrox- 

 ide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potas- 

 sium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 

 sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, 

 strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, eupric 

 chloride, and mercuric chloride; the high reactions with 



polarization, safranin, pyrogallic acid, and coball nitrate ; 

 the moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, and 



temperature; and the low reaction with barium chloride. 



(I) In B. socotrana the very high reactions with 

 chloral hydrate, sulphuric acid, potassium hydroxide, 

 potassium sulphide, and sodium salicylate; the high reac- 

 tions with polarization and nitric acid; the moderate 

 reactions with safranin and chromic acid; the low reac- 

 tions with iodine, gentian violet, temperature, sodium 

 hydroxide, and strontium nitrate; and the very low reac- 

 tions with pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium 

 iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium sulphide, cal- 

 cium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper ni- 

 trate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric 

 chloride. 



(5) Tn the hybrid the very high reactions with chloral 

 hydrate, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, 

 potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulpho- 

 cyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium 

 sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium ni- 

 trate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chlo- 

 ride; the high reactions with safranin and chromic acid : 

 the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, and 

 gentian violet; the low reactions with temperature, 

 pyrogallic acid, and mercuric chloride; and the very low 

 reactions with cobalt nitrate ami barium chloride. 



Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: 



:?7. COMPABISONS OF THE StAIK'M ES OF BEGONIA 

 ImiI 1:1.1. I H. Ill' KOSE, B. SOCOTRANA, AND B. 

 ENSIGN. 



In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, r< ac- 

 tions with selenite, reactions with iodine, and qualitative 

 reaction- with various chemical reagents all three starches 

 have properties in common in varying degrees of de- 

 velopment, the sum id' which in each case is distinctive 

 of the starch. The starch of Begonia socolrana in com- 

 in with that of B. double light rose shows an ab- 

 sence of aggregates and has more numerous irregularities. 

 The lnlum is less distinct, somewhat more often fissured, 

 and more eccentric. The lamella? are not so distinct; 

 more distinct at the distal than at the proximal end. 



instead of sometimes the reverse as in B. double light 



