MUSA. 



129 



acid, citric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, p 

 sium hydroxide, potassium iodide, pota turn sulphocya- 

 aate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium 

 sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium citrate, uranium 

 nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, 

 cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chlo 

 the high reactions with safranin and chloral hyd 

 the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian 

 violet, and temperature; and the absence of anj low or 

 \n\ I . . w reactivities. The very high reactivities of .1/. 

 gilletii with sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium 

 hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, 

 potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, 

 and strontium nitrate; the high reactions with chromic 

 acid, nitric acid, sodium sulphide, and uranium nitrate; 

 the moderate reactivities in the polarization, iodine, gen- 

 tian violet, and safranin, temperature, chloral hydrate, 

 calcium nitrate, and copper mi rate reactions; the 1"" 

 reactions with pyrogallic acid, coball nitrate, cupric chlo- 

 ride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; and the 

 very low reaction with cobalt nitrate. The very high 

 reactivities of M. hybrida with sulphuric acid and the 

 other reagents noted under M. gilletii, excepting stron- 

 tium nitrate; the high reactions with chromic acid, nitric 

 acid, sodium sulphide, and strontium nitrate; the mod- 

 erate reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, 

 safranin, temperature, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, 

 and copper nitrate; the low reactions with chloral hy- 

 drate, pyrogallic acid, cupric chloride, and mercuric 

 chloride; and the very low reactions with cobalt nitrate 

 and barium chloride. 



Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: 



M. arnoldiana 

 M. gilletii .. . . 

 M. hybrida. . 



Very 

 high. 



.0 



High 



Mod- 

 erate. 



Low. 



Very 

 low. 



42. Comparisons of the Starches of Phaius 



..i.A.Miirul.ll s, 1'. WALLICHII, AND P. HYBEIDTTS. 



In the histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, 

 reactions with selenite, qualitative reactions with iodine, 

 and qualitative reactions with the various chemical rea- 

 gents, the parents and hybrid exhibit properties in com- 

 mon in varying degrees of development, and also certain 

 individualities by which collectively they can be identi 

 fled. The starch of Phaius wallichii in comparison with 

 that of P. grandifolius shows larger proportions of 

 aggregates and compound grains; more frequent irregu- 

 larities, but given forms of irregularity vary in fre- 

 quency; ami the forms are of more varied types. The 

 1 1 i 1 n in is more often distinct, slightly more refractive, 

 and rarely tissured; a longitudinal slit-like cavity at 

 the hilum and a deflected oblique fissure arc more fre- 

 quently noted ; eccentricity is more variable and less. 

 The lamella? exhibit some differences in distribution and 

 form; secondary sets are more numerous; the number is 

 about the same. The size of the larger grains is longer 

 and less wide; that of the common-sized grains about the 

 same. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative io- 

 dine reactions there are various differences. In qualitative 

 9 



reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic 

 acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, i 

 iodide, potassium sulphocyanati hide, 



sodium hydroxide, odium sulphide, and sodium sali- 

 cylate tl very many poii ference which seem 

 to bi wholly of a minor character. The starch of the 

 hybrid in comparison with the starches of the parents 

 contains larger proportions <>l i and compound 

 grains than in either parent; i n- are less fre- 

 quent ; and there are more grain of ., than 

 in /'. grandifolius, but. less than in /'. wallichii. The 

 hilum is more refractive and more frequently demon- 

 strable than in either parent; a slit-like cavity at the 

 hilum is as frequently apparent as in /'. grandifi 

 luii less frequently than in /'. wallichii; fissuratioo is 

 slightly more varied and more frequent than in either 

 parent; clefts in the form of a soaring-bird figure are 

 seen, this form not being observed in the parents; eccen- 

 tricity is the same as in P. wallichii. The lamella; of 

 the primary set- are coarser than in the parent.- ; a 

 refractive border at the proximal and lateral margins is 

 less frequent, and it is of the same width as in P. grandi- 

 folius, but less broad as a rule than in /'. wallichii. Vi 

 ondary sets of lamellae are somewhat more frequent, often 

 larger and commonly located as in /'. grandifolius; but 

 less numerous and less varied in location than in P. wal- 

 lichii; and the number is about the same as in the 

 parents. The size is closer to that of /'. grandifolius. 

 In the polarization and selenite reactions there are many 

 inclinations to one or the other parent, but on the 

 whole to P. grandifolius; while in the qualitative iodine 

 reactions the leanings are on the whole to P. wallichii. 

 In the qualitative chemical reactions the peculiai 

 of one or the other or both parents arc very well mani- 

 fested, but in each the reactions are on the whole i 

 to those of P. grandifolius. 



Reaction-intensities I by Light, Color, ami Tempera 



t'n, Reactions. 



Polarization: 



P. grandifolius. high to very high, value 85. 

 P. wallichii. high, lower than in I' grandifolius. value 80 

 P. hybridus. high to very high, slightly higher than in P. grandi- 

 folius, value s7. 

 Iodine: 



P. grandifolius, moderate, value 50. 



P. wallichii, moderate, lighter than in P. grandifolius, value 40 



P. hybridus. moderate, intermediate between tic parents, but 



nearer to P. wallichii, value 13. 

 Gentian violet: • 



1'. grandifolius, moderato to deep, value 57. 

 P. wallichii, light to moderate, lighter than in P. grandifolius. 



value 50. 

 P. hybridus. moderate to deep, deeper than either parent, value 60. 

 Safranin: 



P. grandifolius, moderate to deep, value 60. 



P. wallichii, light to moderate, lighter than in P. grandifolius, 



value 55. 

 P. hybridus, moderately deep to deep, deeper than in either parent, 



value 65. 

 Temperature: 



1'. grandifolius, in the majority at 65 to 66°, in all but rare grains 



at 68 to 69°, mean 68.5. 

 P. wallichii, in the majority at 64 to t'.5°. in all but rare grains at 



67 to 68°, mean I 

 P. hybridus, in the majority at 64 to 66°, in all but rare grains at 



66 to 68°, mean 67°. 



In the reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian 

 violet, and safranin /'. grandifolius exhibits higher 

 lei, | ivities than the other parent, but in the temperature 



