PIIAIUS— MILTOMA. 



131 



highest with polarization, gentian violet, and safranin, 

 in all closer to the seed parent; and lowest, with chloral 

 hydrate, potassium sulphide, and .-odium hydroxide (in 

 v being closer to the poflen parent, and in l as close to our 

 as to the other parent). 



The following is a summary of the reacti □ intensi- 

 ties: Same as seed parent, I; same as pollen parent, 3; 

 same as both parents, 5; intermediate, 11; highest, 3; 

 lowest, 3. 



In these reactions the parents seem to share aboul 

 equally their influences in determining the characters 

 of the starch of the hybrid. The tendency to inter- 

 mediatcness is quite marked, and in about one-half of 

 these reactions there is mid-intcrmediateness. There is a 

 stronger tendency to highest or lowest reactivity than to 

 sameness to one or the other parent. 



Composite Curves of the Reaction-intensities. 



This section treats of the composite curves of the 

 reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Phaius grandifolius, P. wallichii, and P. hy- 

 bridus. (Chart E 43.) 



Among the most conspicuous features of this chart 



are: 



The very close correspondence in the rises and falls 



of the curves and in most of the reactions the closeness 

 of the curves to one another, suggesting closely related 

 members of the same genus. The curve of Phaius 

 grandifolius is higher than the curve of the other 

 parent P. wallichii in the reactions with polarization, 

 iodine, gentian violet, safranin, chloral hydrate, and 

 sodium hydroxide; lower with temperature, chromic 

 acid, pyrogallic acid, potassium iodide, sodium sali- 

 cylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, 

 cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride ; 

 and the same or practically the same with nitric acid, 

 sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, 

 potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium sul- 

 phide, strontium nitrate, and copper nitrate. In P. 

 grandifolius the very high reactions with polarization, 

 nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium 

 hydroxide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, 

 sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, 

 strontium nitrate, and copper nitrate; the high with 

 safranin, chromic acid, potassium iodide, sodium sali- 

 cylate, uranium nitrate; the moderate with iodine, 

 gentian violet, temperature, cupric chloride, and mer- 

 curic chloride; the low with chloral hydrate, pyro- 

 gallic acid, and cobalt nitrate; and the very low with 

 barium chloride. In P. wallichii the very high reactions 

 with polarization, chromic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric 

 acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium 

 iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, 

 sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, -odium salicylate. 

 calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cop- 

 per nitrate, and cupric chloride; the high with safra- 

 nin and mercuric chloride; the moderate with io- 

 dine, gentian violet, temperature, pyrogallic acid, and 

 cobalt nitrate; the low with chloral hydrate; and the 

 very low with barium chloride. Tn P. hybridus the 

 very high reactions with polarization, nitric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium Bulpho- 

 cyanate. potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium 

 sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, ur 

 nitrate, strontium nitrate, and copper nitrate; the high 

 with gentian violet, safranin, chromic acid, potassium 

 iodide, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; the mod- 

 erate with iodine and temperature; the low with chloral 

 hydrate, pyrogallic acid, and cobalt nitrate; and the very 

 low with barium chloride. 



I mmary of the reaction-inten 



high. 



P. grandifolius 

 P. wallichii 

 P. hybridue 



12 



17 

 I I 





Mod- 



Low. 



low. 



lo. COMPARISONS OF THE StAECHES "1 MlLTONIA 

 VEXILLAEIA, M. K'l/.l.ll, AND M. BLEUANA. 



In the histologii charactei 

 reactions wi lite, qualitative reactions with iodine, 



and qualitative reactions with the various chi mical rea- 

 gents, all three starches exhibit properties in eon, 

 in varying degrees i E devi lopment toget i individ- 



ualities, the sum of which in each case is char 

 of the starch. The starch of MilU i compari- 



son with that of M. vexillaria ho\i 3 less i umerous com- 

 pound grains; more varied a larger 

 number of the mosaic type; irregularities mori 

 and more pronounced (there are differences in the 

 quency of the appearance of given form- of irregulai 

 a somewhat abrupt flattening at the distal mi r i 

 be observed, which peculiarity is not seen in the other 

 starch ; flattening is more frequent in grains with second- 

 ary lamellae. The hilum is somewhat more frequ 

 fissured, and when not fissured is 1 

 refractive hila rare; cavity directed longitudinal!} 

 clefts more frequent; fissure projected from the hilum 

 generally deeper, more frequently brand more 

 common; eccentricity less. The lamella are less I 

 demonstrable, and there are a number of variations in 

 their distribution and grouping. The size is larger, with 

 a marked tendency to broadness. In the polarisco 

 selenite, and qualitative iodine reactions there are many 

 differences. In the qualitative reactions with cl I 

 hvdrate, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium io- 

 dide, and sodium salicylate there are many similar ties 

 and dissimilarities, some of the latter being quite ma 

 The starch of the hybrid in comparison with the starches 

 of the parents contains larger numbers of compound 

 grains and aggregates; irregularities are slightly less 

 than in M. vexillaria and considerably less fch □ in M. 

 razlii; a lateral extension of secondary lamelhe is less 

 frequently -ecu than in .1/. rmzlii. The hilum 

 sured is more distinct and is more frequently refractive 

 than in either parent and there are various modifications 

 in the charai ters of the fissures and clefts; eccentricity 

 is about the same as in M. r<rzlii and less than in M. vexil- 

 laria. The size is larger than in either parent. The 

 hybrid starch is in form, character of the hilum, and char- 

 acters of the Iamellse more closelv related to .V. 

 laria; but in eccentricity of the hilum and size it is 

 to M. rcszlii. Tn the polariscopic, selenite. and qualita- 

 tive iodine reactions there are obvious le I • one 

 or the other parent, but the relation-hip is on the whole 

 distim H'. closer to M. vexillaria. In the quali a 

 chemical reactions, while r mships are on the 

 whole distinctly closer to .V. vex\ 

 M. r-> -J m on the hybrid starch are markedly mi 



Reaction-intensities Expressed by Unlit, Color, and Tempera- 

 ture Reactions. 



Polarization: 



M. vexillaria, high to very hich. value 



M. roeilii, ninrtprnte to very high, lower thnn in M. vexillaria, 

 value 75. 



M. bleuana, high to very high, higher than u ; irent, 



value 88. 

 Iodine: 



M. vexillaria, moderate, value 55. 



M. rrr-zlii, moderate, lighter than in M. vexillaria. value 50. 



M. bleuana, moderate, the same as in M. vexillaria, value 55. 



