136 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 



Table A 45 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- 

 of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals 

 (minutes) : 



Table A 45. 



Chloral hydrate: 



t ' . rosea 



C. vest. v. rubro-oc. . . 



C. veitchii 



Chromic acid: 



l ' . rosea 



C. vest. v. rubro-oc. . . 



('. veitchii 



Pyrogallic acid: 



('. rosea 



C. vest. v. rubro-oc. 



C. veitchii 



Nitric acid: 



C. rosea 



C. vest. v. rubro-oc. 



( !. veitchii 



Sulphuric acid : 



C. rosea 



C. vest. v. rubro-oc. . 



C. veitchii 



Hydrochloric acid: 



C. rosea 



C. vest. v. rubro-oc. . . 



C. veitchii 



Potassium hydroxide: 



C • rosea 



C. vest. v. rubro-oc . 



C. veitchii 



Sodium salicylate: 



C. rosea 



C. vest. v. rubro-oc. . 



C. veitchii 



76 



Ml 



US 



92 



86 



96 

 89 

 94 



95 



78 



'.if, 



97 



99 



95 

 77 

 95 



Velocity-reaction Curves. 



This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of 

 the starches of Calanthe rosea, C. vestita var. rubro- 

 oculata, and C. veitchii, showing the quantitative differ- 

 ences in the behavior toward different reagents at definite 

 time-intervals. (Charts D Gl'J to D 626. i 



Among the conspicuous features of these charts are: 

 The marked separation of all three curves in the reactions 

 with chloral hydrate and potassium hydroxide; the prac- 

 tical identity of all three with sulphuric acid; the close- 

 ness iif the curves of C. rosea and the hybrid curves with 

 pyrogallic acid, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, and 

 in salicylate; and the lower curves of ('. vestita 

 var. rubro-oculata in all but the sulphuric-acid reactions 

 (even in the latter there is a slightly lower reactivity, 

 although not shown in the chart ; see reactions in Table 

 A 15). The curve of ( '. rosea is higher than the curve of 

 the other parent, usually very much higher, in every 

 chart, excepting that of sulphuric acid, in which the 

 differences between the reactions of the parents are not 

 presented, owing to the great rapidity of gelatinization. 

 Even with this reagenl differences are shown by the fig- 

 ure- of the preceding tables, there being 98 per cent of the 

 total starch of C. rosea and only 8 l per ci at of the total 

 i of C. vestita var. rubro-oculata gelatinized in 3 

 minutes. The curves of the hybrid C. veitchii tend in 

 all of the experiments to be closer, and usually much 

 closer, to the curves of ' '. rosea than to those of the other 

 parent. An early period of comparatively high resist- 



ance followed by a rapid to moderate rapidity of gela- 

 tinization is noted in only the starch of C. vestita \ar. 

 rubro-oculata, and in the reactions as above stated. The 

 earliest period during the 60 minutes that is best for 

 the differentiation of all three starches is for chromic 

 acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, and sodium 

 salicylate at 5 minutes, and for chloral hydrate, pyro- 

 gallic acid, and nitric acid at 15 minutes. 



R] MOTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRID. 



This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the 

 hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and- 

 delicit in relation to the parents. (Table A 15 and 

 Charts D 619 to D 626.) 



The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those 

 of the seed parent in the reactions with chromic acid 

 and sulphuric acid ; the same as those of the pollen parent 

 with safranin; the same as those of both parents with 

 polarization, iodine, gentian violet, pyrogallic acid, and 

 potassium hydroxide (in 4 being closer to the seed 

 parent and in 1 as close to one as to the other parent) ; 

 highest with temperature, chloral hydrate, nitric acid, 

 and sodium salicylate, in all being closer to those of the 

 seed parent ; and the lowest with hydrochloric acid. 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties : Same as seed parent, 3 ; same as pollen parent, 1 ; 

 same as both parents, 0; intermediate, 5; highest. I; 

 lowest, 1. 



The most conspicuous features of these data are the 

 pre-eminence of the seed parent in determining the prop- 

 erties of the starch of the hybrid, and the distinct tend- 

 ency to intermediateness and to highest and lowest reac- 

 tivities of the hybrid. 



Composite Curves of the Eeactiox-ixtexsities. 



This section treats of the composite curves of the 

 reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Calanthe rosea, C. vestita var. rubro-oculata, 

 and C. veitchii. (Chart E 45.) 



The most conspicuous features of this chart are : The 

 close correspondence in the rises and falls of all three 

 curves excepting in the chloral-hydrate reactions, where 

 one of the curves diverges, the curve of C. vestita var. 

 rubro-oculata falling instead of rising in harmony with 

 the curves of the other parent and the hybrid. The 

 curve of C. rosea is higher than the curve of the other 

 parent in the reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic 

 acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, and potassium hydroxide, and lower with 

 polarization, iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and tem- 

 perature. In ('. rosea the very high reactions with 

 chromic acid and sulphuric acid; the high reactions with 

 safranin, pyrogallic acid, and hydrochloric acid; the 

 moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian 

 violet, chloral hydrate, nitric acid, and potassium hy- 

 droxide: the low reaction with temperature. In 0. 

 vestita var. rubro-oculata the very high reaction with 

 sulphuric a. el ; the high reactions with polarization, gen- 

 tian \iolet, and safranin; the moderate reactions with 

 iodine and chromic acid ; the low reactions with tempera- 

 ture, chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, and potassium hydroxide. In the hybrid 

 0. veitchii the verj high reactions with chloral hydrate, 

 chromic acid, sulphuric acid, and hydrochloric acid; the 



