I \l.\\ I HE. 



137 



high reactions with polarization and safranin; and the 

 moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, tem- 

 perature, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and potassium 

 hydroxide. 



Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: 



l 1 ''. Comparisons of the Starches of Calanthe 



\ I .-riTA VAR. EUBRO-OCTJLATA, C. REGNIERI, AND 

 C. BRYAN. 



In the histologic characteristics, pol ic figures, 



reai tions with selenite, qualitative reactions with iodine, 

 and qualitative reactions with the various chemical rea- 

 gents the starches of parents and hybrid exhibit proper- 

 ties in common in varying degrees of development and 

 in each case more or less marked individualities. The 

 hybrid ('. bryan is in form in the majority of the grains 

 closer to C. regnieri, and in a minority of the grains 

 closer to C. vestita var. rubro-oculata. In hiluni and 

 lamella? it is closer to C. regnieri. In mean size the 

 grains are larger than those of either parent hut 

 to C. regnieri, while in proportion of length to width 

 they are closer to the other parent. In polariscopic figure 

 and reactions with selenite it is closer to C. regnieri. 

 In the qualitative reactions with iodine it is closer to 

 0. regnieri. In the qualitative changes during heat 

 gelatinization it is, during the first stages, closer to C. 

 regnieri, bul during the later stages closer to the other 

 parent. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, 

 chromic acid, nitric acid, and sodium salicylate it is closer 

 i" ( . vestita var. rubro-oculata, but in those with hydro- 

 chloric acid and sodium salicylate it is closer to C. 

 rigniiri. 



Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and '/'. 

 ture Reactions. 



Polarization: 

 C. vest. v. rubro-oc, moderate t > » very high, value 70. 

 C. regnieri, very low to very high, much lower than in C. vestita 



var. rubro-oculata, value 35. 

 C. bryan, very low to very high, intermediate between the parents, 



value 15. 

 Iodine: 

 C. vest. v. rubro-oc., moderate, value 50. 



C. regnieri. moderately light, lighter than in C. vestita var. rubro- 

 oculata, value 35. 

 C. bryan, moderate, intermediate between the parents, value 3s. 

 ( lentian violet : 



I '. vest. v. rubro-oc., moderate to deep, value 60. 



('. regnieri, light to moderately deep, lighter than in C. vestita var. 



rubro-oculata, value 50. 

 C bryan, moderate to moderately deep, intermediate between 



parents, value 53. 

 Safranin: 

 C. vest. v. rubro-oc., moderate to moderately deep, value 65. 

 C. regnieri, moderate to moderately deep, lighter than in C. vestita 



var. rubro-oculata, value 60. 

 C. bryan. moderate to moderately deep, intermediate between tie 



parents, value 63. 

 I emperature: 

 i vest. v. rubro-oc, in the majority at 72 to 74°, in all at 7-1 to 7.". 



mean 74.5°. 

 C. regnieri, in the majority at 70 to 72°, in all but rare grains at 



76 to 7s°, mean 77°. 



C. vestita var. rubra <■• hibits a higher rea I 



ity than the other parent in all five n the differ- 



1 very marked in the polarization i 

 slighl in those with temperature ; and little in the ol 

 The hybrid C. bryan has intermediate reactivities 

 tween the parents in all of the reactions, b rally 



iomewhal closer to C. vestita var. rubro-o an to 



the oilier parent. 



Table A 16 shows the reaction-intensities in percenfc- 

 tinized al definite intei 

 onds and minute- ) ; 



'I AIM 1 A I''' 



Chloral hydrati 



(". vest. v. rubi 



('. regnieri 



C. bryan 

 Chromic acid : 



( . vest. v. rubro-oc . 



t '. regnieri 



('. bryan 

 Pyrogallic acid: 



( ' vest. v. rubro-oc . 



( '. regnieri 



C. bryan 



Xitrie aeid: 



C. vest. v. rubro-oc 



C. regnieri 



C. bryan 



Sulphuric aeid: 



( . vest. v. rubro-oc . 



C. regnieri 



C. bryan 



Hydrochloric aeid : 



C. vest. v. rubm oc 



C. regnieri 



C. bryan 



Potassium hydroxide : 



C. vest. v. rubro-oc 



C. regnieri 



C. bryan 



Sodium salicylate: 



( '. vest. v. rul i 



('. regnieri 



C. bryan 



99 



11 64 71 



94 

 96 



99 

 98 



92 



78 

 89 



1(7 



96 



99 



Is 



42 



.1 



74 



G5 

 SO 

 62 



S3 



99 



64 



- • 

 y2 



78 

 95 

 96 



77 

 93 



77 



« bryan, in the majority at ' 

 77°, mean 76.5°. 



' to 74°, in all but ran- grains at 7t"» to 



Velocity-reaction Curves. 



This section treats of the velocity-r 

 the starches of Calanthe vestita var. rubro-oculata, C. 

 ri, and ('. bryan, showing the quantitative differ- 

 ences in the behavior toward different reagents at definite 

 I ime-intervals. (Charts D U2"i to D I 



Among the most conspicuous features of these charts 

 are : The generally close correspondence in the coin- 

 all three curves. The well marked separation of the 

 parental curves, even in the sulphuric-acid reaction-:, 

 which occur very quickly, there being as high a gelati- 

 nization of one parent in one-half a minute as in the 

 other in 5 minutes. The curve of C. vestita var. rubro- 

 <,ta is lower than the curve of the other parent in all 

 of the s reactions. The curves of the hybrid show a 

 very marked tendency to intermediateness, and wht i 

 mid-intermediate the inclination seems to lie more 

 marked toward the pollen parent. In other reactions, in 

 ope there is sameness, in relation to the seed parent and 

 in another the hybrid reaction i< the ! the three 



and nearer the pollen parent. A tendency to an early 



